Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38495656›Full record

ReviewMethodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal2024

Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease.

Madeline K Mahowald, Khadeeja Esmail, Fatima M Ezzeddine, Calvin Choi, Hanna Mieszczanska, Gladys Velarde

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Coronary artery surgery outcome differences by sex.Indian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2026
    Review
  7. Emerging roles of spexin in cardiovascular homeostasis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Observational
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Madeline K MahowaldUniversity of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida, US.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1685-6690
Khadeeja EsmailUniversity of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida, US.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3932-4817
Fatima M EzzeddineMayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, US.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-4557
Calvin ChoiUniversity of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida, US.
Hanna MieszczanskaUniversity of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida, US.
Gladys VelardeUniversity of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida, US.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0778-4330

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women. It remains underdiagnosed, undertreated, and portends worse outcomes in women than men. Disparities exist in every stage of science, from bench research to the editorial board of major journals and in every cardiovascular subspecialty. This review summarizes differences in cardiovascular risk factors and disparities in management and outcomes of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, aortic stenosis, and atrial fibrillation. It also provides an overview of female representation as participants and leaders of clinical trials, editorial boards, and academic institutions. Strategies to overcome these disparities are proposed with examples of successful programs.

Indexed as

Atrial FibrillationCardiovascular DiseasesHeart FailureFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHumansMalecardiovascular risk factorshealthcare disparitiesischemic heart diseaserepresentation in cardiovascular researchtreatment gapswomen’s cardiovascular health

Identifiers

PMID38495656
PMCPMC10941692

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.