ArticleProgress in orthodontics2024
Comparison of 3D-printed and laboratory-fabricated Hyrax on stress distribution and displacement of the maxillary complex: a 3D finite element study.
Article in Progress in orthodontics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of different aligner thicknesses and expansion step sizes on maxillary arch expansion with Invisalign Palatal Expander: a three-dimensional finite element study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- A finite element study on three maxillary protraction devices for treating maxillary sagittal hypoplasia at different levels of bone fusion.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Incremental Growth Analysis of a Cantilever Beam under Cyclic Thermal and Axial Loads.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo analyze and compare the effects of a traditional laboratory-fabricated Hyrax expander (T-Hyrax) and two different 3D-printed Hyrax expander models relative to tension points, force distribution, and areas of concentration in the craniofacial complex during maxillary expansion using finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND
methodsThree maxillary expanders with similar designs, but various alloys were modeled: a T-Hyrax, a fully printed Hyrax (F-Hyrax), and a hybrid printed Hyrax (H-Hyrax). The stress distributions and magnitude of displacements were assessed with a 5 mm expansion in a symmetrical finite element model. The areas of interest included the teeth, alveolar processes, midpalatal suture, nasal complex, circummaxillary sutures (CS), and the expanders themselves.
resultsThe highest stress value (29.2 MPa) was found at the midpalatal suture of the F-Hyrax, while the lowest stress (0.90 MPa) was found at the temporozygomatic suture in the T-Hyrax. On average, the F-Hyrax increased stress at the CS by 24.76% compared with the T-Hyrax and H-Hyrax. The largest displacements were found at the upper incisor (U1) and anterior nasal spine (ANS). The findings indicated an average increase of 12.80% displacement at the CS using the F-Hyrax compared to the T-Hyrax.
conclusionThe F-Hyrax exerts more stress and displacement on the maxilla than both the T-Hyrax and H-Hyrax, where the weak link appears to be the solder joint.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.