ArticleArchives of gynecology and obstetrics2024
The contradictive findings between ultrasound, hysteroscopy and cytokines in women with nonhormonal IUDs suffering from menorrhagia: a prospective study.
Article in Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of uterocervical angle in intrauterine device displacement cases.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Removal of an incarcerated intrauterine device reaching the serosal surface of the uterus by hysteroscopy alone: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe objective of this study is to assess the correlation between bleeding irregularities and the accurate placement of the intrauterine device (IUD) device in the uterine cavity, determined through transvaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopy. In addition, the study aims to examine the cytokine profile in the uterine cavity and serum of patients experiencing bleeding irregularities after the insertion of nonhormonal IUDs.
methodsA prospective cohort study was conducted at a single tertiary medical center, wherein patients experiencing intermenstrual bleeding and spotting after the insertion of nonhormonal IUDs were enrolled. The study involved hysteroscopic and sonographic assessments of the uterine cavity and IUD placement, along with the analysis of blood and uterine cavity cytokine profiles.
resultsDuring the period between July 2019 and February 2020, a total of eight patients who experienced intermenstrual bleeding and spotting after the insertion of nonhormonal IUDs were enrolled the study. One case was excluded since a progestative device was detected by ultrasound. Out of the five cases that underwent a thorough ultrasonographic assessment, three cases (60%) showed an embedded IUD. However, these findings were excluded by the hysteroscopic evaluation.
conclusionThe results suggest that ultrasonographic assessment may lead to an overdiagnosis of IUD mispositioning compared to hysteroscopy. In addition, both ultrasound and hysteroscopy have limitations in diagnosing the cause of bleeding in most cases. The role of local reactive inflammatory cytokines should be further studied.
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