ArticleBiology of sex differences2024
Sex disparities revealed by single-cell and bulk sequencing and their impacts on the efficacy of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-Specific Proteomic Profiling Identifies Pregnancy Zone Protein as a Complement-Linked Marker of Adverse Prognosis in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in female patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- A unified single-cell atlas of HNSCC: Toward characterizing HPV- and sex-associated TME variability.iScience · 2026Article
- Mutation of rearranged during transfection (RET) is associated with enhanced tumor immunogenicity and favorable outcomes in pan-cancer immunotherapy.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Loss of CMTR1 leads to gastrulation failure and early embryonic lethality.Developmental biology · 2025Article
- Gender, racial, and socioeconomic disparities in the management and survival of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer: a SEER-based study.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Article
- Pan-cancer analysis ofGenes & diseases · 2025Article
- Metastasis and basement membrane-related signature enhances hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis and diagnosis by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and immune microenvironment assessment.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is an ongoing debate on whether sex affects immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy. Here, we explored the underlying molecular bases for sex dimorphisms and their impact on the efficacy of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer (EC).
methods2360 EC patients from phase 3 trials were pooled to compare overall survivals by calculating hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Genomic data of 1425 samples were integrated to depict the genomic landscapes and antigenic features. We also examined the sex disparities based on single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor-sequencing data from 105,145 immune cells in 60 patients.
resultsImmunotherapy was associated with favorable outcomes in men (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65-0.79; P < 0.001), but not in women (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.78-1.23; P = 0.84) (P
conclusionsOur study delineated the robust genomic and cellular sex disparities in EC. Furthermore, male, rather than female, derived significantly benefits from immunotherapy. These results have implications for treatment decision-making and developing immunotherapy for personalized care. In the past several years, immunotherapy has gradually replaced the traditional chemotherapy as the standard treatment in esophageal cancer. It is well-established that immunological responses in male and female differ significantly. However, there is an ongoing debate on whether sex can impact the treatment outcomes in immunotherapy. In the present study, we systematically characterized the genomic and cellular landscapes of esophageal cancer, and revealed the significant differences between male and female patients. Furthermore, with over 2000 patients with esophageal cancer, we showed that only men can benefit from immunotherapy. In women, immunotherapy failed to show superior over chemotherapy. These results have implications for treatment decision-making and developing next-generation immunotherapy for personalized care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.