Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38491433›Full record

Trial reportBMC primary care2024

Effect of online infographics for enhancing health literacy among patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled trial.

Suchada Sutthiworapon, Polathep Vichitkunakorn, Kittisakdi Choomalee, Pitchayanont Ngamchaliew

Open access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC primary care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Suchada SutthiworaponDepartment of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
Polathep VichitkunakornDepartment of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
Kittisakdi ChoomaleeDepartment of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
Pitchayanont NgamchaliewDepartment of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand. pitchayanont@hotmail.com.
Prince of Songkla University · TH

Funding

Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University 65-061-1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHealth literacy (HL) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) can help control disease and prevent complications. However, most patients with type 2 DM have inadequate HL; therefore, their HL must be further improved. This study aimed to determine the effects of online infographics on improving HL among patients with type 2 DM.

methodsThis randomized controlled trial was conducted from July 2022 to September 2022, at the primary care unit of Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand; 30 patients with type 2 DM were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 15; three types of infographics) and control (n = 15; three types of pamphlets) groups. Infographics and pamphlets were distributed weekly via social media platforms. The S-TOFHLA Thai version and Thai-FCCHL were used to evaluate HL. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Wilcoxon rank-sum, t-test, paired t-test, and McNemar's chi-square tests were used.

resultsThe median age of 30 participants was 56 years. The mean duration of DM was 9.6 years, with a median HbA1c level of 7.5 mg%. Most participants (80%) had adequate HL in S-TOFHLA, whereas 63.3% had adequate HL in FCCHL. All participants in the infographic group who had inadequate HL in the S-TOFHLA pre-test achieved adequate HL. Meanwhile, only 50% of patients in the pamphlet group achieved adequate HL. Regarding FCCHL, 50% of patients in the infographic group and 60% in the pamphlet group who had inadequate HL in the pretest achieved adequate HL. However, no statistical significance in achieving adequate HL was found in either group. The mean differences (SD) in S-TOFHLA between before and after intervention were 12.53 (8.77; p = 0.0007) and 10.13 (9.88; p = 0.001) in the infographic and pamphlet groups, respectively. Regarding FCCHL, the mean differences (SD) were 3.47 (4.29) and 3.20 (2.91) in the infographic group (p = 0.003) and pamphlet (p = 0.002) groups, respectively. No statistical significance in the mean difference was found between both groups.

conclusionsNovel online infographics and pamphlets did not significantly differ in achieving adequate HL among patients with type 2 DM who should receive health education about disease control and complication prevention. However, both interventions can increase and maintain HL levels. Online educational media can be appropriate during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, further larger-scale studies should be performed to examine the impact of other DM educational media on HL promotion.

trial registrationThe Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) with registry ID TCTR20230425001 (date of registration 25/04/2023).

Indexed as

COVID-19Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Health LiteracyData VisualizationHumansMiddle AgedPandemicsPrimary Health CareHealth educationHealth literacyInfographicKnowledgeMedia interventionPrimary careType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID38491433
PMCPMC10941353
OpenAlexW4392852591

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.