ArticleCommunications medicine2024
Autoantibodies to ACE2 and immune molecules are associated with COVID-19 disease severity.
Article in Communications medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoantibodies in COVID-19 survivors with post-COVID symptoms: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Persistent prostaglandin E2 upregulation and hormonal multi-resistance: A hypothesis for long COVID.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and impact of long COVID: pathophysiology, neuropsychiatric effects and vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Autoimmune reactions to ACE2 triggered by SARS-CoV-2 S protein and their histopathological consequences.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- The Role of Anti-Interferon-α Autoantibodies in Severe COVID-19: Implications for Vaccination Prioritization.Vaccines · 2025Article
- ICAM-1 autoantibodies detected in healthy individuals and cross-react with functional epitopes.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- The circulating renin-angiotensin system and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a mechanistic substudy of the ACTIV-4 Host Tissue trials.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Article
- Autoantibodies targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 are prevalent and not induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Sequential SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination Induces Anti-Idiotype (Anti-ACE2) Antibodies in K18 Human ACE2 Transgenic Mice.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Serum angiotensin type-1 receptor autoantibodies and neurofilament light chain as markers of neuroaxonal damage in post-COVID patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Molecular analysis of long COVID and new-onset diabetes mellitus: pathobiological relationships and current mechanistic views.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Autoantibodies Targeting G-Protein-Coupled Receptors and RAS-Related Molecules in Post-Acute COVID Vaccination Syndrome: A Retrospective Case Series Study.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Reduced Salivary Gustin and Statherin in Long-COVID Cohort with Impaired Bitter Taste.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Autoantibodies targeting interferons and GM-CSF are associated with adverse outcome risk, comorbidities, and pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and post-vaccine-related neurological complications share clinical features and the same positivity to anti-ACE2 antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIncreased inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and long-term disease manifestations. The mechanisms of this variable long-term immune activation are poorly defined. One feature of this increased inflammation is elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Autoantibodies targeting immune factors such as cytokines, as well as the viral host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), have been observed after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Autoantibodies to immune factors and ACE2 could interfere with normal immune regulation and lead to increased inflammation, severe COVID-19, and long-term complications.
methodsHere, we deeply profiled the features of ACE2, cytokine, and chemokine autoantibodies in samples from patients recovering from severe COVID-19. We measured the levels of immunoglobulin subclasses (IgG, IgA, IgM) in the peripheral blood against ACE2 and 23 cytokines and other immune molecules. We then utilized an ACE2 peptide microarray to map the linear epitopes targeted by ACE2 autoantibodies.
resultsWe demonstrate that ACE2 autoantibody levels are increased in individuals with severe COVID-19 compared with those with mild infection or no prior infection. We identify epitopes near the catalytic domain of ACE2 targeted by these antibodies. Levels of autoantibodies targeting ACE2 and other immune factors could serve as determinants of COVID-19 disease severity, and represent a natural immunoregulatory mechanism in response to viral infection.
conclusionsThese results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection can increase autoantibody levels to ACE2 and other immune factors. The levels of these autoantibodies are associated with COVID-19 disease severity.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.