ArticleCell2024
Type-I-interferon-responsive microglia shape cortical development and behavior.
Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Cell, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
109citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
32.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rationale for investigating the use of anifrolumab in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a combined narrative and case-based systematic literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Cytokine circuits in CNS homeostasis and disease.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Microglia in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Emerging Concepts of Microglial Heterogeneity.Neurochemical research · 2026Review
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- Metabolic reprogramming of microglia: Effects on development, disease, and therapeutic potential.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Gq Signaling in Microglia Triggers Interferon Responses and Improves Outcome After Ischemic Stroke.Glia · 2026Article
- Microglial states revisited: from homeostasis to disease.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- cGAS-mediated type I IFN signaling contributes to disease progression in drug-refractory epilepsy.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Dynamic neuro-immune regulation of psychiatric risk loci in human neurons.Nature communications · 2026Article
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- Youth-associated protein TIMP2 regulates microglial state and function in healthy and aged mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Th17 effector cytokines induce shared and distinct microglial and endothelial cell responses in a mouse model for post-streptococcal encephalitis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Caspase-3 regulates RNA splicing and mitochondrial dynamics in microglia during Parkinson's disease.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Neonatal inflammation disrupts a temporally restricted postnatal Numb-enriched microglial state in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Complement contributes to hyperactive behavior in the 16p11.2 hemideletion mouse model.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Cytokine-mediated immune-to-brain signaling in neural circuit disorders.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- TNF-α induces type I IFN signalling to suppress neurogenesis and recruit T cells.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Innate immune signaling and functions in astrocytes.Nature immunology · 2026Review
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
27 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Caroline C EscoubasDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Leah C DormanDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Phi T NguyenDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Christian Lagares-LinaresDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Haruna NakajoDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Sarah R AndersonDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Jerika J BarronDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Sarah D WadeDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Beatriz CuevasDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Ilia D VainchteinDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Nicholas J SilvaDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Ricardo GuajardoDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Yinghong XiaoDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Peter V LidskyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Ellen Y WangDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF SRTP program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Brianna M RiveraInstitute for Neurodegenerative Diseases/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Sunrae E TalomaDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Dong Kyu KimDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Elizaveta KaminskayaDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Hiromi Nakao-InoueDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Bjoern SchwerDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Thomas D ArnoldDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Ari B MolofskyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Carlo CondelloInstitute for Neurodegenerative Diseases/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Raul AndinoDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Tomasz J NowakowskiDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Anna V MolofskyDepartments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Electronic address: anna.molofsky@ucsf.edu.
University of California, San Francisco · US
Funding
Translational InformaticsP30CA082103 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Jennifer Leigh Clarke · 1999 to 2026
$209.7MMOLECULAR AND CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGYT32AI007334 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CYSTER, JASON G · 1988 to 2023
$11.0MDeciphering the relationship between structure, dynamics and function in helical bundle proteinsR35GM122603 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI WILLIAM DEGRADO · 2017 to 2026
$7.1MMAPPING RETINOTECTAL CIRCUITS FOR VISUAL-EVOKED INNATE BEHAVIORSR01NS123912 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI DUAN, XIN, SCANZIANI, MASSIMO · 2021 to 2025
$3.6MPredoctoral Training in NeurobiologyT32NS115706 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI SAMUEL JEREMY PLEASURE · 2020 to 2026
$3.4MMechanisms Underlying Type II Cadherin Guided Assembly of Retinal CircuitsR01EY030138 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Xin Duan · 2020 to 2026
$3.2MCoordinate regulation of neural circuit remodeling by glia: a prospective molecular approachDP2MH116507 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MOLOFSKY, ANNA V · 2017 to 2017
$2.4MMapping Developmental Lineage Relationships in the Cerebral CortexRF1MH121268 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI NOWAKOWSKI, TOMASZ · 2019 to 2019
$2.1MAstrocyte-microglial communication in developmental synapse formationR01MH119349 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MOLOFSKY, ANNA V · 2019 to 2023
$2.0MRelationships between conformational strains of tau and amyloid-beta, TREM2 and APOE variants, and phenotypic variations of Alzheimer's DiseaseRF1AG061874 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CONDELLO, CARLO L, DEGRADO, WILLIAM · 2018 to 2018
$2.0MRole of DNA double-strand breaks in neural function and homeostasisR01AG064363 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI SCHWER, BJOERN · 2020 to 2024
$1.7MNCI NIH HHS P30 CA082103NEI NIH HHS R01 EY030138NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007334NIA NIH HHS R01 AG064363NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG061874NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM122603NIMH NIH HHS DP2 MH116507NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH119349NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH121268NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS123912NINDS NIH HHS T32 NS115706
Abstract
Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that shape neural circuit development and are implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases. Multiple microglial transcriptional states have been defined, but their functional significance is unclear. Here, we identify a type I interferon (IFN-I)-responsive microglial state in the developing somatosensory cortex (postnatal day 5) that is actively engulfing whole neurons. This population expands during cortical remodeling induced by partial whisker deprivation. Global or microglial-specific loss of the IFN-I receptor resulted in microglia with phagolysosomal dysfunction and an accumulation of neurons with nuclear DNA damage. IFN-I gain of function increased neuronal engulfment by microglia in both mouse and zebrafish and restricted the accumulation of DNA-damaged neurons. Finally, IFN-I deficiency resulted in excess cortical excitatory neurons and tactile hypersensitivity. These data define a role for neuron-engulfing microglia during a critical window of brain development and reveal homeostatic functions of a canonical antiviral signaling pathway in the brain.
Indexed as
BrainInterferon Type IMicrogliaAnimalsMiceNeuronsZebrafishInterferon Type Icortical developmentmicroglianeuroimmunityphagocytosissomatosensory cortextactile hypersensitivitytype I interferon
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.