ArticleThe Journal of comparative neurology2024
Illuminating the terminal nerve: Uncovering the link between GnRH-1 neuron and olfactory development.
Article in The Journal of comparative neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined HS6ST1 and HS6ST2 loss disrupts the formation and migration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- CRISPR activation of DLX5 drives neural progenitors to the GnRH cell fate.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2026Article
- Prokineticin 2 regulates the electrophysiological activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons via direct signalling in adult female mice.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Article
- Tracing Early Migratory Neurons in the Developing Nose Using Contactin-2 (Cntn2) CreERT2.Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) · 2025Article
- POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: ORIGINS AND IMPLICATIONS: Gestational anti-Müllerian hormone and testosterone excess combined with maternal adiposity program for polycystic ovary syndrome.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- GnRH and Cognition.Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Opposing expression pattern of opsin 3 and opsin 5 in the developing and adult nasal epithelium.Chemical senses · 2025Article
- Smelling TNT: Trends of the Terminal Nerve.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Anti-Müllerian Hormone: A Molecular Key to Unlocking Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?Seminars in reproductive medicine · 2024Review
- Seven-tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the nervus terminalis, olfactory tracts, and olfactory bulbs in COVID-19 patients with anosmia and hypogeusia.Frontiers in radiology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
During embryonic development, the olfactory placode (OP) generates migratory neurons, including olfactory pioneer neurons, cells of the terminal nerve (TN), gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) neurons, and other uncharacterized neurons. Pioneer neurons from the OP induce olfactory bulb (OB) morphogenesis. In mice, GnRH-1 neurons appear in the olfactory system around mid-gestation and migrate via the TN axons to different brain regions. The GnRH-1 neurons are crucial in controlling the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Kallmann syndrome is characterized by impaired olfactory system development, defective OBs, secretion of GnRH-1, and infertility. The precise mechanistic link between the olfactory system and GnRH-1 development remains unclear. Studies in humans and mice highlight the importance of the prokineticin-2/prokineticin-receptor-2 (Prokr2) signaling pathway in OB morphogenesis and GnRH-1 neuronal migration. Prokr2 loss-of-function mutations can cause Kallmann syndrome (KS), and hence the Prokr2 signaling pathway represents a unique model to decipher the olfactory/GnRH-1 connection. We discovered that Prokr2 is expressed in the TN neurons during the critical period of GnRH-1 neuron formation, migration, and induction of OB morphogenesis. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified that the TN is formed by neurons distinct from the olfactory neurons. The TN neurons express multiple genes associated with KS. Our study suggests that the aberrant development of pioneer/TN neurons might cause the KS spectrum.
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