ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2024
Effect of Breastfeeding Duration on Coagulation in Women With and Without History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04270578 (German Study Gestational Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
German Study Gestational Diabetes (PREG)
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short-term modulation of human milk oligosaccharides in plasma and milk by glucose and insulin: insights into postpartum metabolic regulation.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular risk prediction in women with gestational diabetes using risk assessment tools: a scoping review.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Comparison Between SGLT2 Inhibitors and Lactation: Implications for Cardiometabolic Health in Parous Women.Metabolic syndrome and related disorders · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextBreastfeeding is associated with a reduced maternal risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
objectiveSince the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood, we here examined the effect of breastfeeding on the plasmatic coagulation system in women with and without history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
methodsA total of 76 participants of the German Gestational Diabetes Study (PREG; NCT04270578) were examined 14 months (interquartile range [IQR], 12-26 months) after delivery with a 5-point oral glucose tolerance test. Global coagulation tests, prothrombotic coagulation proteins (FII/FVII/FVIII/FIX), antithrombotic proteins (antithrombin, protein C/S), and endothelial markers (von Willebrand factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1) were determined. The Framingham risk score was used to estimate the 10-year CV risk. The effect of breastfeeding duration on coagulation was analyzed using multivariable linear models.
resultsThe mean duration of breastfeeding was 11 months (IQR, 7-14 months). Overall, longer duration of breastfeeding was associated with lower CV risk (Framingham risk score; P = .05) and was negatively associated with FIX (P = .018). We detected an interaction between previous GDM and breastfeeding duration for FIX (PInteraction = .017): Only in women with GDM history was the duration of breastfeeding negatively associated with FIX activity (P = .016). This association persisted in statistical models adjusted for age, body mass index, insulin sensitivity, and C-reactive protein. The duration of breastfeeding was not associated with anticoagulant proteins and endothelial markers.
conclusionLonger duration of breastfeeding is associated with lower CV risk and an improved coagulation profile. Women with GDM history appear to benefit particularly from prolonged breastfeeding.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.