ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2024
Co-Delivery of Aceclofenac and Methotrexate Nanoparticles Presents an Effective Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smart Polymer Nanoparticles: Targeting Macrophages/Fibroblasts and Modulating the Microenvironment for Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Novel ethosomal gel formulation for enhanced transdermal delivery of curcumin and cyclosporine: a preclinical approach to rheumatoid arthritis management.Drug delivery · 2025Article
- Article
- Dual Targeting Biomimetic Carrier-Free Nanosystems for Photo-Chemotherapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis via Macrophage Apoptosis and Re-Polarization.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common acute inflammatory autoimmune connective tissue arthropathy. The genetic studies, tissue analyses, experimental animal models, and clinical investigations have confirmed that stromal tissue damage and pathology driven by RA mounts the chronic inflammation and dysregulated immune events. Methods: We developed methotrexate (MTX)-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (MTX-LPHNPs) and aceclofenac (ACE)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (ACE-NLCs) for the efficient co-delivery of MTX and ACE via intravenous and transdermal routes, respectively. Bio-assays were performed using ex-vivo skin permeation and transport, macrophage model of inflammation (MMI) (LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages), Wistar rats with experimental RA (induction of arthritis with Complete Freund's adjuvant; CFA and BCG), and programmed death of RA affected cells. In addition, gene transcription profiling and serum estimation of inflammatory, signaling, and cell death markers were performed on the blood samples collected from patients with RA. Results: Higher permeation of ACE-NLCs/CE across skin layers confirming the greater "therapeutic index" of ACE. The systemic delivery of MTX-loaded LPHNPs via the parenteral (intravenous) route is shown to modulate the RA-induced inflammation and other immune events. The regulated immunological and signaling pathway(s) influence the immunological axis to program the death of inflamed cells in the MMI and the animals with the experimental RA. Our data suggested the CD40-mediated and Akt1 controlled cell death along with the inhibited autophagy in vitro. Moreover, the ex vivo gene transcription profiling in drug-treated PBMCs and serum analysis of immune/signalling markers confirmed the therapeutic role co-delivery of drug nanoparticles to treat RA. The animals with experimental RA receiving drug treatment were shown to regain the structure of paw bones and joints similar to the control and were comparable with the market formulations. Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the use of co-delivery of drug nanoformulations as the "combination drug regimen" to treat RA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.