ArticleiScience2024
Longitudinal hair cortisol in bipolar disorder and a mechanism based on HPA dynamics.
Article in iScience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- A minimal model of PTSD susceptibility and timescales.iScience · 2026Article
- Cell-type targeted CRISPR/Cas9 Clock knockdown in mouse VTA dopamine neurons alter sleep, behavior, and cellular excitability.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Insulin Resistance in Bipolar Disorder: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Associations of TNF-α, MIF, and cortisol with cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder during acute manic episodes: a short-term follow-up study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Reconceptualizing bipolar disorder through an integrative biological lens: synthesis, convergence, and emerging directions.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2026Review
- The cortisol axis and psychiatric disorders: an updated review.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Metabolic plasticity: an evolutionary perspective on metabolic and circadian dysregulation in bipolar disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Are There Connections between the Neuroendocrine and Dopamine Systems in Bipolar Disorder?Neuroendocrinology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is marked by fluctuating mood states over months to years, often with elevated cortisol levels. Elevated cortisol can also trigger mood episodes. Here, we combine longitudinal hair cortisol and mood measurements with mathematical modeling to provide a potential mechanistic link between cortisol and mood timescales in BD. Using 12 cm hair samples, representing a year of growth, we found enhanced year-scale cortisol fluctuations whose amplitude averaged 4-fold higher in BD (n = 26) participants than controls (n = 59). The proximal 2 cm of hair correlated with recent mood scores. Depression (n = 266) and mania (n = 273) scores from a longitudinal study of BD showed similar frequency spectra. These results suggest a mechanism for BD in which high emotional reactivity excites the slow timescales in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to generate elevated months-scale cortisol fluctuations, triggering cortisol-induced mood episodes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.