ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Pathophysiological, immunological, and inflammatory features of long COVID.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long COVID and health-related quality of life: a systematic review of immune, inflammatory, and metabolic markers.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Management of long COVID-19 in children and adolescents: from diagnosis to therapeutically approaches.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Translational insights into Long-COVID: evaluation of preclinical animal models along the lung-brain-immune axis with focus on Golden Syrian Hamsters.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Exploratory Analysis of Serum IGF-I Levels and Symptom Trajectories in Long COVID During the Omicron Period.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Long term cardiometabolic outcomes in COVID positive patients.Journal of public health research · 2026Review
- Influence of lifestyle factors on susceptibility, disease course and recovery from post COVID-19 syndrome: a scoping review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- A Probabilistic Modeling Analysis of the Longitudinal Immune Response to Infection and Vaccination Across Demographic Groups and Pulmonary Symptoms.Spora : a journal of biomathematics · 2026Article
- CD169Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Algorithm dependence of patient phenotypes in Long COVID: a patient-led, multi-method clustering of 6031 patients using 162 self-reported symptoms.Oxford open immunology · 2026Article
- Detailed investigation of B cell populations following vaccination and infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 during pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Distribution of pulmonary ventilation in women with post-COVID-19 before and after the use of a respiratory incentive device (UBICU): a pilot study.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- A Non-Faradaic Impedimetric Label-Free Immunosensor Integrated with PCCODE Logic for Stratified Monitoring of Post-COVID Conditions.ACS measurement science au · 2025Article
- Exaggerated IFN-I Response in Long COVID PBMCs Following Exposure to Viral Mimics.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- A Study of Cutaneous Manifestations in Patients During the Post-COVID Period in A Tertiary Care Center.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Milieu and Specific T-Cell Response Observed Three Months and One Year After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Long COVID Subjects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging, HIV, and Long COVID: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Living With Persistent Respiratory Symptoms of Long COVID: Qualitative Study Among Brazilian Adults 12 Months After Acute Infection.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Health: Insights into Post-COVID Public Health Challenges.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2025Review
- A multinational cross-sectional study on the prevalence and predictors of long COVID across 33 countries.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause severe global disruption, resulting in significant excess mortality, overwhelming healthcare systems, and imposing substantial social and economic burdens on nations. While most of the attention and therapeutic efforts have concentrated on the acute phase of the disease, a notable proportion of survivors experience persistent symptoms post-infection clearance. This diverse set of symptoms, loosely categorized as long COVID, presents a potential additional public health crisis. It is estimated that 1 in 5 COVID-19 survivors exhibit clinical manifestations consistent with long COVID. Despite this prevalence, the mechanisms and pathophysiology of long COVID remain poorly understood. Alarmingly, evidence suggests that a significant proportion of cases within this clinical condition develop debilitating or disabling symptoms. Hence, urgent priority should be given to further studies on this condition to equip global public health systems for its management. This review provides an overview of available information on this emerging clinical condition, focusing on the affected individuals' epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and immunological and inflammatory profiles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.