ArticleBMC ophthalmology2024
Prevalence and risk factors for astigmatism in 7 to 19-year-old students in Xinjiang, China: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Astigmatism Types Effects on Internal Astigmatism and Compensation in Children: Hong Kong Children Eye Study.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Screening-based prevalence and axis distribution of astigmatism among children and adolescents in Lintong District, Xi'an: a large-scale school-based cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Effect of Three Types of Specially-Designed Myopia Control Spectacle Lenses on Astigmatism: A Two-Year Result.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Distribution of Axis Subtypes of Refractive Astigmatism in Mexican Outpatients: A Nationwide Multicenter Clinic-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Characterisation and risk factors of astigmatism among children and adolescents aged 3-20 years in Northwestern China.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Prevalence, vector evolution, and visual impact of astigmatism: a large-scale study of 79,066 children in Beijing, China.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Refractive error among school-aged children in Bhutan: A secondary analysis of data from nationwide Bhutan School Sight Survey.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Influence of Astigmatism Type on Myopia Progression Among Children Wearing Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) Spectacle Lenses.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- The role of astigmatism in myopia development, myopia progression and myopia control.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Review
- Association of nutritional intake with myopia and astigmatism.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of effective optical zone and decentration on visual quality after smile for different astigmatism types.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Association of excessive screen time exposure with ocular changes leading to astigmatism in children.PloS one · 2025Article
- Meridional anisotropy in contrast sensitivity and visual evoked potential in adults with high myopic astigmatism.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Prevalence of astigmatism among 99,515 children in different areas of Xi'an City, China.Journal of optometryArticle
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10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors for astigmatism in 7-19-year-old students in Xinjiang, China.
methodsA school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on students who underwent refraction examination in Xinjiang, China, between May and December 2019. The prevalence of astigmatism was determined. Astigmatism was defined as cylinder power (C) ≤-0.75 D, undefined astigmatism as ≤-1.50 D, and high astigmatism as C ≤-3.00 D. Astigmatism types were: against-the-rule astigmatism (maximum refraction of the main meridian in 180° ± 30°), with-the-rule astigmatism (maximum refraction of the main meridian at 90°±30°), and oblique astigmatism (all other cases).
resultsOf the 71,838 students examined (51.0% boys, 7 - 19 years old), 25,945 (36.1%, 95%CI: 35.52-36.68%) had astigmatism and 1267 (1.8%, 95%CI: 1.07-2.53%) had high astigmatism. The prevalence of astigmatism was greater in Han individuals (39.6%) compared with the Hui (34.0%), Kazakh (34.0%), Kyrgyz (32.1%), and Uyghur (26.4%) populations. Among the 25,945 students with astigmatism, 19,947 had with-the-rule astigmatism (76.9%), 3405 had against-the-rule astigmatism (13.1%), and 2593 had oblique astigmatism (10.0%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity (Han individuals more susceptible), male gender, age, and refractive errors (myopia and hyperopia) were independently associated with astigmatism, high astigmatism, and with-the-rule astigmatism (all P < 0.05).
conclusionsThe prevalence of astigmatism among children and adolescents in Xinjiang was 36.1%, including 1.8% of high astigmatism. In this population, astigmatism was mainly of the with-the-rule astigmatism type (76.9%). Han ethnicity, male gender, and myopia or hyperopia were independently associated with a high risk of astigmatism.
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