ArticleJournal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research2024
Frailty increases the long-term risk for fall and fracture-related hospitalizations and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older women.
Article in Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of frailty and pre-frailty with cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis of 26 cohort studies.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Frailty Trajectory Within 3 Months After Discharge Among Older Adults Living With Frailty Who Experience Hip Fracture Surgery and Predictors.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Observational
- Claims-based frailty index and risk of hospitalisation for hip fracture among adults aged 60-74 years in Tokyo, Japan.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Hip fracture seasonality in a mild climate: the joint association of daylight duration and temperature.Archives of osteoporosis · 2026Article
- Cross-sectional associations of handgrip strength and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index with frailty status in prefrail and frail older adults.Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie · 2026Article
- The Barcelona Injury Surveillance System (BISS) for Safer Cities: Observational, Descriptive Study Using Routine Health and Police Information Databases.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Observational
- Machine learning derived abdominal aortic calcification is associated with physical frailty in community-dwelling adults: the UK Biobank Imaging Study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk of Incident Frailty in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Cross-National Longitudinal Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association of frailty trajectories with osteoporosis and hip fracture in an older female population.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Risk factors in elderly female patients for refracture within two years following surgery for fragility fractures: a prospective observational study.Archives of osteoporosis · 2026Observational
- Associations of frailty and cognitive impairment with fall risk in older adults: a longitudinal cohort study based on CHARLS.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Association of frailty with fragility fractures and all‑cause mortality in adults: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Shifts in the timing of gait muscle synergies in older adults with reduced lower-limb motor function.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Inflammation meets insulin resistance: the role of the CRP-triglyceride-glucose index in association with frailty among middle-aged and older adults in China.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and frailty: associations with the frailty index and Fried phenotype in older women.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Combined associations of the frailty index and CHG index with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a longitudinal study from the CHARLS cohort.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Comparative evaluation of deep learning models for three-class frailty assessment using gait metrics.Frontiers in aging · 2026Article
- Clinical Pharmacology of Heart Failure in Frailty.European cardiology · 2026Review
- Depression and Longitudinal Frailty Trajectories in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Chronic Pain: A 8-Year National Cohort Study in China.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Frailty is associated with declines in physiological capacity across sensory, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems. An underlying assumption is that the frailer an individual, the more likely they are to experience falls and fractures. We examined whether grades of frailty can assess the long-term risk of hospitalized falls, fractures, and all-cause mortality in 1261 community-dwelling older women (mean age [SD] of 75.1 [2.7] yr) over 14.5 yr. Frailty was operationalized using a frailty index (FI) of cumulative deficits from 33 variables across multiple health domains (physical, mental, comorbidities) at baseline. The total score across these variables was summed and divided by 33 to obtain the FI. Participants were graded as fit (FI ≤ 0.12), mildly frail (FI > 0.12-0.24), moderately frail (FI > 0.24-0.36), or severely frail (FI > 0.36). Fall-related (n = 498), any fracture-related (n = 347), and hip fracture-related hospitalizations (n = 137) and deaths (n = 482) were obtained from linked health records. Associations between FI grades and clinical outcomes were analyzed using multivariable-adjusted Cox-proportional hazard models including age, treatment (calcium/placebo), BMI, smoking history, socioeconomic status, plasma vitamin D (25OHD) status plus season obtained, physical activity, self-reported prevalent falls in the last 3 mo, and self-reported fractures since the age of 50 yr. At baseline, 713 (56.5%), 350 (27.8%), 163 (12.9%), and 35 (2.8%) of women were classified as fit, mildly frail, moderately frail, and severely frail, respectively. Women with mild, moderate, and severe frailty had significantly higher hazards (all P < .05) for a fall-related (46%, 104%, 168%), any fracture-related (88% for moderate, 193% for severe frailty), hip fracture-related hospitalizations (93%, 127%, 129%), and all-cause mortality (47%, 126%, 242%). The FI identified community-dwelling older women at risk for the most serious falls and fractures and may be incorporated into risk assessment tools to identify individuals with poorer clinical prognosis.
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