Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38475340›Full record

ArticlePolymers2024

Fire-Retardant Flexible Foamed Polyurethane (PU)-Based Composites: Armed and Charmed Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) Particles.

Paulina Kosmela, Kamila Sałasińska, Daria Kowalkowska-Zedler, Mateusz Barczewski, Adam Piasecki, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Aleksander Hejna

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. New Advances in Elastomer Materials and Its Composites.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Paulina KosmelaDepartment of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
Kamila SałasińskaFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2793-8555
Daria Kowalkowska-ZedlerDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
Mateusz BarczewskiInstitute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1451-6430
Adam PiaseckiInstitute of Materials Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 24, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1019-633X
Mohammad Reza SaebDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-9907-9414
Aleksander HejnaDepartment of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-9125-6164
Gdańsk University of Technology · PLPoznań University of Technology · PLGdańsk Medical University · PLWarsaw University of Technology · PL

Funding

Ministry of Science and Higher Education 0613/SBAD/4820National Centre for Research and Development LIDER/3/0013/L-10/18/NCBR/2019
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inadequate fire resistance of polymers raises questions about their advanced applications. Flexible polyurethane (PU) foams have myriad applications but inherently suffer from very high flammability. Because of the dependency of the ultimate properties (mechanical and damping performance) of PU foams on their cellular structure, reinforcement of PU with additives brings about further concerns. Though they are highly flammable and known for their environmental consequences, rubber wastes are desired from a circularity standpoint, which can also improve the mechanical properties of PU foams. In this work, melamine cyanurate (MC), melamine polyphosphate (MPP), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) are used as well-known flame retardants (FRs) to develop highly fire-retardant ground tire rubber (GTR) particles for flexible PU foams. Analysis of the burning behavior of the resulting PU/GTR composites revealed that the armed GTR particles endowed PU with reduced flammability expressed by over 30% increase in limiting oxygen index, 50% drop in peak heat release rate, as well as reduced smoke generation. The

Indexed as

compositesfiller modificationflame retardancyflammabilityground tire rubberpolyurethane foam

Identifiers

PMID38475340
PMCPMC10934310
OpenAlexW4392241765

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.