ArticleNutrients2024
GFRAL Is Widely Distributed in the Brain and Peripheral Tissues of Mice.
Article in Nutrients, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Link Between Obesity, Subclinical Atherosclerosis, and Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Diabetic Kidney and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathogenic Driver or Protective Modulator.Diabetes · 2026Review
- Baseline Plasma Growth-differentiation Factor 15 and Recovery of Physical Function Following Total Knee Replacement in the Study of Physical Resilience and Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Gdf15 expression in thermogenic adipocytes regulates diet-induced weight gain in a sex-dependent manner.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Tumor-Derived LIF Promotes GDF15-Driven Cachexia and Adverse Outcomes in Gastric Cancer.Cells · 2026Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15 - a new molecular target in inflammatory bowel disease: Progress and challenges.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into the liver-brain axis during chronic liver disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory functions of growth differentiation factor 15 in skin aging and inflammatory dermatoses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- GDF15 Is Elevated in Eating Disorders and Is Involved in the Gut-Brain Axis via Ghrelin.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2026Article
- GDF15-integrated blood biomarker panel for risk stratification of digestive malignancies: a multicenter retrospective study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- New Horizons with Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Oncology: From Cancer Cachexia and Tumour Immunity to Novel Therapeutic Strategies.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Design of Bicyclic Peptide Tandems Mimicking the Homodimeric GDF15 Protein to Inhibit GDF15-GFRaL-RET Complex Cell Signaling.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Induces Gastric Fundus Contraction Involving Cholinergic Excitation: Morphofunctional Evidence in Rodent Models.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- GDF15 Analogues Acting as GFRAL Ligands.ChemMedChem · 2025Review
- Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Knockout Mice Are Protected from Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in a Sex-Dependent Manner.Developmental neuroscience · 2025Article
- GDF15/MIC-1: a stress-induced immunosuppressive factor which promotes the aging process.Biogerontology · 2024Review
- GDF15 associates with, but is not responsible for, exercise-induced increases in corticosterone and indices of lipid utilization in mice.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Article
- Diversity of Microglia-Derived Molecules with Neurotrophic Properties That Support Neurons in the Central Nervous System and Other Tissues.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Hepatocyte-specific GDF15 overexpression improves high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis in mice via hepatic FGF21 induction.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Macrophages as a Source and Target of GDF-15.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In 2017, four independent publications described the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) as receptor for the growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15, also MIC-1, NAG-1) with an expression exclusively in the mice brainstem area postrema (AP) and nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) where it mediates effects of GDF15 on reduction of food intake and body weight. GDF15 is a cell stress cytokine with a widespread expression and pleiotropic effects, which both seem to be in contrast to the reported highly specialized localization of its receptor. This discrepancy prompts us to re-evaluate the expression pattern of GFRAL in the brain and peripheral tissues of mice. In this detailed immunohistochemical study, we provide evidence for a more widespread distribution of this receptor. Apart from the AP/NTS region, GFRAL-immunoreactivity was found in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, nucleus arcuatus and peripheral tissues including liver, small intestine, fat, kidney and muscle tissues. This widespread receptor expression, not taken into consideration so far, may explain the multiple effects of GDF-15 that are not yet assigned to GFRAL. Furthermore, our results could be relevant for the development of novel pharmacological therapies for physical and mental disorders related to body image and food intake, such as eating disorders, cachexia and obesity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.