ArticleNutrients2024
Early Infant Feeding Practices and Associations with Growth in Childhood.
Article in Nutrients, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Baby-Feed Pilot Trial for Improving Diet and Weight Gain in Infants and Toddlers.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Trial
- Feeding problems in infancy and diet quality in later childhood: a prospective cohort study.Nutrition journal · 2026Observational
- Breastfeeding in Infancy and Adult Health: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Double burden of malnutrition among children under five years in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and determinants.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association between dietary diversity in complementary feeding and growth and nutritional status among children aged 0-36 months in China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Association between parenting styles and weight-for-length z scores among infants and toddlers aged 0-36 months in China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Contribution of clinical factors and gut microbiota composition to weight loss in a pre-post dietary intervention pilot study in male children with obesity.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- The Association Between the Early Introduction of Solid Food and Childhood Obesity Risk: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Foodborne Infections and Mortality Associated With Expressed Breastmilk, Donated Breastmilk, and Infant Formula in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review of Peer-Reviewed Evidence Cases.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2025Article
- Early Roots of Childhood Obesity: Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Correction: Clayton et al. Early Infant Feeding Practices and Associations with Growth in Childhood.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- Cohort Profile: Upstate KIDS study.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Complementary feeding practices and nutritional status in infants living in Turkey: Iowa infant feeding attitude scale and complementary feeding index.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Early infant growth trajectories have been linked to obesity risk. The aim of this study was to examine early infant feeding practices in association with anthropometric measures and risk of overweight/obesity in childhood. A total of 2492 children from Upstate KIDS, a population-based longitudinal cohort, were included for the analysis. Parents reported breastfeeding and complementary food introduction from 4 to 12 months on questionnaires. Weight and height were reported at 2-3 years of age and during later follow-up at 7-9 years of age. Age and sex z-scores were calculated. Linear mixed models were conducted, adjusting for maternal and child sociodemographic factors. Approximately 54% of infants were formula-fed at <5 months of age. Compared to those formula-fed, BMI- (adjusted B, -0.23; 95% CI: -0.42, -0.05) and weight-for-age z-scores (adjusted B, -0.16; -0.28, -0.03) were lower for those exclusively breastfed. Infants breastfed for ≥12 months had a lower risk of being overweight (aRR, 0.33; 0.18, 0.59) at 2-3 years, relative to formula-fed infants. Compared to introduction at <5 months, the introduction of fruits and vegetables between 5 and 8 months was associated with lower risk of obesity at 7-9 years (aRR, 0.45; 0.22, 0.93). The type and duration of breastfeeding and delayed introduction of certain complementary foods was associated with lower childhood BMI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.