Trial reportMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Human Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine Pharmacokinetics after Single and Multiple Daily Doses of Oral Encapsulated Dried Kratom Leaf Powder.
Trial report in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoding kratom: molecular mechanisms and epigenetic factors in use and dependence.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Reported associations between kratom and seizures: a systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Assessment of Abuse Potential-Related Effects of Oral Dried Kratom Leaf Powder in Healthy Normal Participants Following Single and Multiple Daily Doses.Drug testing and analysis · 2026Trial
- Simultaneous quantification of seventeen kratom alkaloids and metabolites in human plasma and its application to clinical pharmacokinetic sample analysis.Pharmaceutical biology · 2026Article
- Determination of mitragynine concentrations in medicolegal death investigations at the Oklahoma Office of the Chief Medical Examiner from 2022 to 2023.Journal of forensic sciences · 2026Article
- Kratom Toxicity: Pharmacologic Mechanisms, Clinical Risks, and Management Considerations.Cureus · 2026Review
- Mitragynine and 7-hydroxy-mitragyine plasma pharmacokinetics in humans after single and 15 multiple oral kratom extract doses.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2026Article
- Avoiding False Identification of 7-Hydroxymitragynine in Kratom Products Using a Multicriteria LC-MS Confirmation.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2026Article
- Optimizing the Soil Calcium:Magnesium Ratio Improves the Mitragynine Yield and Seedling Growth in Kratom (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Kratom Consumption Associated With Herb-Induced Liver Injury and a Pharmacokinetic Interaction: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Indole Alkaloids as Biased Opioid Receptor Modulators.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Elevated 7-Hydroxymitragynine Levels Found in Products Misbranded as Kratom.Journal of AOAC International · 2026Article
- Observational real-world analysis of dose-dependent effects ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Observational characterization of self-reported SR-17018 exposure and outcomes in individuals with prior opioid use histories.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- A Call to Colleagues on Concentrated Synthetic 7-OH.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Bayesian inference for integrated pharmacokinetic modelling of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine.ADMET & DMPK · 2026Article
- From kratom to 7-hydroxymitragynine: evolution of a natural remedy into a public-health threat.Pharmaceutical biology · 2025Review
- Evaluating the drug interactions in kratom usage: clinical application.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2025Review
- An exploratory study of the safety profile and neurocognitive function after single doses of mitragynine in humans.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Characterization of 7-Hydroxymitragynine, an Active Metabolite of Mitragynine, in Sprague-Dawley Rats.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Kratom leaves, consumed by millions worldwide as tea or ground leaf powder, contain multiple alkaloids, with mitragynine being the most abundant and responsible for most effects. Mitragynine is a partial µ-opioid receptor agonist and competitive antagonist at κ- and δ-opioid receptors; however, unlike morphine, it does not activate the β-arrestin-2 respiratory depression pathway. Due to few human mitragynine data, the largest randomized, between-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study of 500-4000 mg dried kratom leaf powder (6.65-53.2 mg mitragynine) was conducted. LC-MS/MS mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine plasma concentrations were obtained after single and 15 daily doses. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine C
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.