ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modulates Inflammation in Treatment-Resistant Depression Patients: A Pilot Study.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial.Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy · 2026Trial
- The interaction between the immune system and the autonomic nervous system in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: a scoping review.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Longitudinal symptom severity tracking in vagus nerve stimulation patients: a 2-stage LLM-based pipeline with explainable AI.JAMIA open · 2026Article
- The gut neuroepithelial unit as a neurodegeneration-relevant interface in the gut-brain axis.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Immunoprotective and neuroprotective properties of gut microbiome in psoriasis.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- A Review of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Disease: Comprehensive Theory and Evidence for Mechanisms of Action.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- Peripartum Depression as a Heart-Brain-Endocrine-Immune Syndrome: Neuroendocrine, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Pathways Underlying Maternal Vulnerability.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Neuro-Immune Crosstalk: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Immunity in neuromodulation: probing neural and immune pathways in brain disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Immune-inflammatory, neuroplastic, and epigenetic effects of electroconvulsive therapy in mood disorders: an overview of recent studies.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- The application of fecal microbiota transplantation in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Transcutaneous Non-Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Changing the Paradigm for Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation Therapies?Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Treatment-resistant depression: molecular mechanisms and management.Molecular biomedicine · 2024Review
- Long-Term Immunomodulatory Impact of VNS on Peripheral Cytokine Profiles and Its Relationship with Clinical Response in Difficult-to-Treat Depression (DTD).International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Observational
- Advances in VNS efficiency and mechanisms of action on cognitive functions.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vagal neurostimulation (VNS) is used for the treatment of epilepsy and major medical-refractory depression. VNS has neuropsychiatric functions and systemic anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this study is to measure the clinical efficacy and impact of VNS modulation in depressive patients. Six patients with refractory depression were enrolled. Depression symptoms were assessed with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating, and anxiety symptoms with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Plasmas were harvested prospectively before the implantation of VNS (baseline) and up to 4 years or more after continuous therapy. Forty soluble molecules were measured in the plasma by multiplex assays. Following VNS, the reduction in the mean depression severity score was 59.9% and the response rate was 87%. Anxiety levels were also greatly reduced. IL-7, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL13, CCL17, CCL22, Flt-1 and VEGFc levels were significantly lowered, whereas bFGF levels were increased (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.