ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Association between Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Another Brick in the Wall.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Real-world safety of first-line enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab in advanced urothelial carcinoma: evidence from VigiBase and FAERS.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A New Era, New Risks: The Cardio-Oncology Perspective on Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Cryptogenic stroke: too many suspects to find a culprit?European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Article
- ICI-induced cardiovascular toxicity: mechanisms and immune reprogramming therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Patients with peripheral artery disease demonstrate altered expression of soluble and membrane-bound immune checkpoints.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway in myocardial infarction: a review from pathophysiological mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Balancing anticancer therapy efficacy and safety in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Immune Checkpoints Are New Therapeutic Targets in Regulating Cardio-, and Cerebro-Vascular Diseases and CD4International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly changed the field of oncology, emerging as first-line treatment, either alone or in combination with other regimens, for numerous malignancies, improving overall survival and progression-free survival in these patients. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors might also cause severe or fatal immune-related adverse events, including adverse cardiovascular events. Initially, myocarditis was recognized as the main immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiac event, but our knowledge of other potential immune-related cardiovascular adverse events continues to broaden. Recently, preclinical and clinical data seem to support an association between immune checkpoint inhibitors and accelerated atherosclerosis as well as atherosclerotic cardiovascular events such as cardiac ischemic disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. In this review, by offering a comprehensive overview of the pivotal role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, we focus on the potential molecular pathways underlying the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors on cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, we provide an overview of therapeutic strategies for cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy to prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.