ArticleCancers2024
Sex Differences in Cancer Incidence Rates by Race and Ethnicity: Results from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Registry (2000-2019).
Article in Cancers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex/gender differences in the association between behavioural factors and cancers: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with quantitative synthesis.Biology of sex differences · 2025Pooled it
- Disparities in Cancer Incidence by Sex and Associated Lifestyle Factors and Health Conditions.JAMA oncology · 2026Article
- Alterations in Nasal Function Following Total Laryngectomy and Their Clinical Correlates.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Cancer Stage at Diagnosis of Nonreproductive Solid Organ Tumors in the United States, 2015 to 2022.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Patterns of sex differences in cancer mortality in Colombia: a population-based analysis, 1980-2023.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Loss of chromosome Y in hematopoietic cells: mechanisms and implications for human disease.MedScience · 2026Review
- Article
- Sex differences in cancer incidence persist across race and ethnicity.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Cancer Immunotherapy-Clinical Evidence and Mechanisms With a Focus on NSCLC.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Prevalence and Clinical Spectrum of Dermatologic Conditions in Renal Transplant Recipients: A 10-Year Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of brain and central nervous system cancer in children and adolescents, 1990-2021: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Pediatric investigation · 2025Article
- Sex differences in gene regulation and its impact on cancer incidence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Their Clinical Implications: Preliminary Results.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- The duality of microchimerism and cancer in parous women: a review and evolutionary perspective.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Article
- A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Age and Sex Differences in Cancer Incidence and Survival in the United States, 2001-2020.Cancers · 2025Article
- Laryngeal Cancer in Women: Unveiling Gender-Specific Risk Factors, Treatment Challenges, and Survival Disparities.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Paromomycin targets HDAC1-mediated SUMOylation and IGF1R translocation in glioblastoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Structural Racism as a Contributor to Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates Among Black Populations in the United States.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Men have 2-3 times the rate of most non-sex-specific cancers compared to women, but whether this is due to differences in biological or environmental factors remains poorly understood. This study investigated sex differences in cancer incidence by race and ethnicity. Cancer incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) program (2000-2019) were used to calculate male-to-female incidence rate ratios (MF IRRs) for each cancer site, stratified by race and ethnicity, and age-standardized to the 2000 U.S. population for individuals ages ≥ 20 years. Among 49 cancer sites, 44 showed male predominance (MF IRR > 1), with seven inconsistencies across race and ethnicity, including cancers of the lip, tongue, hypopharynx, retroperitoneum, larynx, pleura cancers, and Kaposi sarcoma. Four cancers exhibited a female predominance (MF IRR < 1), with only gallbladder and anus cancers varying by race and ethnicity. The MF IRRs for cancer of the cranial nerves and other nervous system malignancies showed no sex differences and were consistent (MF IRR = 1) across race and ethnicity. The MF IRRs for most cancers were consistent across race and ethnicity, implying that biological etiologies are driving the observed sex difference. The lack of MF IRR variability by race and ethnicity suggests a minimal impact of environmental exposure on sex differences in cancer incidence. Further research is needed to identify biological drivers of sex differences in cancer etiology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.