ArticleHealth & justice2024
Identifying structural risk factors for overdose following incarceration: a concept mapping study.
Article in Health & justice, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Using group concept mapping to co-create a research agenda with the homeless community in Rhode Island.Research involvement and engagement · 2026Article
- Death by incarceration: Detention duration, overdose, and COVID-19 in Los Angeles County Jails, 2008-2023.PloS one · 2026Observational
- Structural violence, decolonization and harm reduction in prisons: a critical perspective on opioid use disorders, gender and race.Frontiers in sociology · 2026Article
- Justice System Involvement As a Risk Factor for Substance Use Into Mid-Thirties.Journal of drug issues · 2025Article
- "All it's gonna tell you is if it has fentanyl or not:" Perceptions of fentanyl and drug checking among first responders and people who use drugs.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Criminal legal penalties, substance use, and overdose: a concept mapping study examining Colorado's criminal legal penalties.BMC global and public health · 2025Article
- Improving health and housing outcomes through a simulation and economic model: an evidence-based protocol of a group model building approach to develop an agent-based model.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCurrently, there are more than two million people in prisons or jails, with nearly two-thirds meeting the criteria for a substance use disorder. Following these patterns, overdose is the leading cause of death following release from prison and the third leading cause of death during periods of incarceration in jails. Traditional quantitative methods analyzing the factors associated with overdose following incarceration may fail to capture structural and environmental factors present in specific communities. People with lived experiences in the criminal legal system and with substance use disorder hold unique perspectives and must be involved in the research process.
objectiveTo identify perceived factors that impact overdose following release from incarceration among people with direct criminal legal involvement and experience with substance use.
methodsWithin a community-engaged approach to research, we used concept mapping to center the perspectives of people with personal experience with the carceral system. The following prompt guided our study: "What do you think are some of the main things that make people who have been in jail or prison more and less likely to overdose?" Individuals participated in three rounds of focus groups, which included brainstorming, sorting and rating, and community interpretation. We used the Concept Systems Inc. platform groupwisdom for our analyses and constructed cluster maps.
resultsEight individuals (ages 33 to 53) from four states participated. The brainstorming process resulted in 83 unique factors that impact overdose. The concept mapping process resulted in five clusters: (1) Community-Based Prevention, (2) Drug Use and Incarceration, (3) Resources for Treatment for Substance Use, (4) Carceral Factors, and (5) Stigma and Structural Barriers.
conclusionsOur study provides critical insight into community-identified factors associated with overdose following incarceration. These factors should be accounted for during resource planning and decision-making.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.