ArticleNature communications2024
Numerosity estimation of virtual humans as a digital-robotic marker for hallucinations in Parkinson's disease.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- A pilot study of assessing visual hallucinations using virtual reality in lewy body disorders.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Deep-learning models of the ascending proprioceptive pathway are subject to illusions.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Extrastriate activity reflects sensorimotor-induced bias in estimating number of visual humans.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease are associated with deficits in social perception.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Severity Classification of Parkinson's Disease via Synthesis of Energy Skeleton Images from Videos Produced in Uncontrolled Environments.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Real-time fMRI neurofeedback modulates induced hallucinations and underlying brain mechanisms.Communications biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hallucinations are frequent non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) associated with dementia and higher mortality. Despite their high clinical relevance, current assessments of hallucinations are based on verbal self-reports and interviews that are limited by important biases. Here, we used virtual reality (VR), robotics, and digital online technology to quantify presence hallucination (vivid sensations that another person is nearby when no one is actually present and can neither be seen nor heard) in laboratory and home-based settings. We establish that elevated numerosity estimation of virtual human agents in VR is a digital marker for experimentally induced presence hallucinations in healthy participants, as confirmed across several control conditions and analyses. We translated the digital marker (numerosity estimation) to an online procedure that 170 PD patients carried out remotely at their homes, revealing that PD patients with disease-related presence hallucinations (but not control PD patients) showed higher numerosity estimation. Numerosity estimation enables quantitative monitoring of hallucinations, is an easy-to-use unobtrusive online method, reaching people far away from medical centers, translating neuroscientific findings using robotics and VR, to patients' homes without specific equipment or trained staff.
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