SynthesisAmerican journal of nephrology2024
Association of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Acute Kidney Injury: A Meta-Analysis and a Review of Related Outcomes.
Synthesis in American journal of nephrology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of tumor immunotherapy on kidney injury and multi-organ outcomes: a mechanistic and clinical perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy and Risk of Glomerular Disease: A Large Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Chronic kidney disease outcomes in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- The nephrotoxic effects of anti-cancer therapies: consensus report of the 34th Acute Disease Quality Initiative workgroup.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Practice patterns and outcomes in cancer patients developing immune checkpoint inhibitors-related AKI.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026Article
- Beyond Proton Pump Inhibitors: Evaluating Treatment Strategies for Immune-Mediated Gastroenteritis from Cancer Immunotherapy.Targeted oncology · 2026Article
- Development and validation of interpretable machine learning models for predicting AKI risk in patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1: a retrospective study.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
- Ten tips for an onco-nephrology clinic.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
- Urgent considerations on renal immune-related adverse events in oncology practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Nutritional strategies in supporting immune checkpoint inhibitor, PI3K inhibitor, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor cancer therapies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Kidney Transplant Recipients - A Review of Potential Complications and Management Strategies.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, they pose the risk of immune-related adverse events, including ICI-mediated acute kidney injury (ICI-AKI). Recent studies have implicated proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as potential contributors to ICI-AKI development. This meta-analysis examines the association between PPI use and ICI-AKI, exploring a potential modifiable risk factor in ICI therapy while also reviewing the possible outcomes of ICI-AKI.
methodsWe conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, assessing the risk of ICI-AKI in cancer patients concurrently using PPIs and potential outcomes. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate heterogeneity and potential biases.
resultsA total of 14 studies involving 12,694 patients were included. In total, we analyzed 639 patients with all-cause AKI and 779 patients with ICI-AKI. The pooled OR for the overall incidence of AKI from all-causes was 1.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-2.40) among patients on PPIs. Specifically, the risk of ICI-AKI associated with PPI use was significantly higher, with a pooled OR of 1.84 (95% CI 1.16-2.90). This indicates approximately 84% higher likelihood of developing ICI-AKI with concurrent use of PPIs. Additionally, among patients with ICI-AKI, 67% had complete or partial recovery of renal function, 32% progressed to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and about 36% died during a follow-up period of at least 3 months.
conclusionThis meta-analysis highlights the importance of cautious PPI prescription in cancer patients undergoing ICI therapy. Clinicians are advised to evaluate the risks and benefits of PPI use and consider alternative therapies when feasible.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.