ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
Individual differences in human gaze behavior generalize from faces to objects.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blinks are strategically coupled with head movements in unconstrained natural gaze behavior.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Conceptual priorities shape individual gaze patterns during naturalistic visual attention.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- An Eye-Tracking and Forecasting Experiment on Consumer Purchasing Decisions Through Product Reviews.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Article
- A visual perceptual perspective on gaze in social robotics.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Review
- Detection of Idiosyncratic Gaze-Fingerprint Signatures in Humans.Psychological science · 2026Article
- Lack of concordance among infant social attention measures.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Where You Look Is What You Get: Individual Fixation Height Predicts Biases in Face Perception.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2026Article
- Individual gaze predicts individual scene descriptions.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Enhanced and idiosyncratic neural representations of personally typical scenes.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Visuospatial computations vary by category and stream and continue to develop in adolescence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Individual gaze shapes diverging neural representations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Individual differences in face salience and rapid face saccades.Journal of vision · 2024Article
- Oculomotor routines for perceptual judgments.Journal of vision · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Individuals differ in where they fixate on a face, with some looking closer to the eyes while others prefer the mouth region. These individual biases are highly robust, generalize from the lab to the outside world, and have been associated with social cognition and associated disorders. However, it is unclear, whether these biases are specific to faces or influenced by domain-general mechanisms of vision. Here, we juxtaposed these hypotheses by testing whether individual face fixation biases generalize to inanimate objects. We analyzed >1.8 million fixations toward faces and objects in complex natural scenes from 405 participants tested in multiple labs. Consistent interindividual differences in fixation positions were highly inter-correlated across faces and objects in all samples. Observers who fixated closer to the eye region also fixated higher on inanimate objects and vice versa. Furthermore, the inter-individual spread of fixation positions scaled with target size in precisely the same, non-linear manner for faces and objects. These findings contradict a purely domain-specific account of individual face gaze. Instead, they suggest significant domain-general contributions to the individual way we look at faces, a finding with potential relevance for basic vision, face perception, social cognition, and associated clinical conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.