ReviewCurrent psychiatry reports2024
Sex Differences in Stress Susceptibility as a Key Mechanism Underlying Depression Risk.
Review in Current psychiatry reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Chemically Characterized Polyherbal Extract Selectively Attenuates Chronic Unpredictable Stress-Induced Redox-Sensitive, Inflammatory, and Metabolic Alterations in Female Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Maternal Immune Activation Leads to Lasting Sex-Specific Changes in Behavior and Hippocampal Morphological and Molecular Features in 12-Month-Old Rat Offspring.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Transitions Between Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms and Associations with Substance Use among US Young Adults, 2016-2023.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Determinants of the plasma metabolome: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations over six years in the NESDA cohort.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Global burden and trends of depression among women of childbearing age, 1990-2021.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Advancing women's mental health: Recommendations from a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine workshop.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Understanding depression through an intersectional framework: the joint impact of childhood adversities and social determinants using Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA) data.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Quetiapine ameliorates sensorimotor gating, recognition memory, and neuroendocrine plasticity in chronic stress-induced female rats.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- Diagnosis of depression in adolescence signals improved inflammatory health in adulthood: Results from a nationally representative longitudinal study.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Peripheral inflammation mediates the relationship between early life stress and alcohol use.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in factors associated with cannabis use among emerging adults.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Disrupted Estrogen Homeostasis Drives Female-Specific Depressive-Like and Anxiety-Like Behaviors via Convergent ERα Downregulation in the Ventral Hippocampus.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- The Multifaceted Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder: Integrating Neurobiology, Genetics, and Systems-level Perspectives.Current neurovascular research · 2026Review
- Women's mental health: current status and evolutionary perspectives.Evolutionary human sciences · 2026Review
- Loneliness as a sex-specific risk factor for cognitive aging.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Does dispositional envy predict depression severity in Ukrainian adults living in wartime?Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Patterns of Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms Among Korean Adults: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2023 Korea Community Health Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Anxiety and Depression Among Hepatitis B Inpatients in Shenzhen, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
- Gender Differences in Psychosocial Pathways to Depression and Anxiety: Cross-Sectional and Bayesian Causal Network Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- The Mediating Role of Inner Strength in the Relationship Between Biological Factors and Depressive Symptoms.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewAlthough females are at relatively greater risk for a variety of disorders, including depression, the biological mechanisms underlying this striking health disparity remain unclear. To address this issue, we highlight sex differences in stress susceptibility as a key mechanism potentially driving this effect and describe the interacting inflammatory, hormonal, epigenomic, and social-environmental mechanisms involved. RECENT
findingsUsing the Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression as a theoretical framework, women's elevated risk for depression may stem from a tight link between life stress, inflammation, and depression in women. Further, research finds hormonal contraceptive use alters cortisol and inflammatory reactivity to acute stress in ways that may increase depression risk in females. Finally, beyond established epigenetic mechanisms, mothers may transfer risk for depression to their female offspring through stressful family environments, which influence stress generation and stress-related gene expression. Together, these findings provide initial, biologically plausible clues that may help explain the relatively greater risk for depression in females vs. males. Looking forward, much more research is needed to address the longstanding underrepresentation of females in biomedical research on the biology of stress and depression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.