ReviewNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2024
Improving Diagnostic Procedures in Autism for Girls and Women: A Narrative Review.
Review in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Considering Autism in Binge-Type Eating Disorders: Broadening Beyond an Anorexia Nervosa-Focused Model.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Gender-Based Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence From an Indian Clinical Cohort.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Understanding Sex and Gender Effects on Autism Spectrum Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Camouflaging and autism: Conceptualisation and methodological issues.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Review
- How does 'autistic burnout' feel? A qualitative study exploring experiences of earlier and later-diagnosed autistic adults.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Article
- The Effect of Virtual Reality-Based Social Cognitive Training for Autistic Adults: Protocol for STEPS (Social Cognitive Training Enhancing Pro-Functional Skills) Randomized Clinical Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Offenders with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Case Series and Diagnostic Considerations in Forensic Psychiatry.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
- Gender differences in autism prevalence: origins of bias and its current scientific relevance.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Finding the Prevalence of Autism in Female Mental Illness: Improving Child Development for an Underdiagnosed and Undertreated Population.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Psychometric Evaluation of Two Adult Autism Screening Tools in Brazil.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Diagnostic challenges of autism spectrum disorder in women without intellectual or language impairments: a narrative review.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Review
- "I'm not feeling alone in my experiences": How newly diagnosed autistic adults engage with a neurodiversity-affirming "Welcome Pack".Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Article
- "From That Moment, Everything has Changed": The Experience of Women With Anorexia Nervosa Receiving a Diagnosis of Autism.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2025Article
- The Clinical Phenotype of Early Selective Mutism and Later Autism Spectrum Disorder in Girls: A Case Series Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Social first impressions and perceived gender in autistic and non-autistic youth.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Red flags in global autism data: a forensic analysis of prevalence patterns and official aid dependencies.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Short report: Prison-reported rates of autism in female prisons in England.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Article
- Challenging Case Report: Reevaluating autism diagnosis in a 7-year-old girl.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Understanding the impact of prior depressive and anxiety symptoms and autism diagnosis on menopause symptoms.Women's health (London, England)Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biases exist in the diagnostic process for autism spectrum disorder (henceforth "autism"), which result in some girls and women being diagnosed later or missed entirely. Current diagnostic tools may not capture the full range of behavioural presentations of autism, leading to under-identification. This review explores why these biases may occur, and how diagnostic procedures could be adapted to better identify autistic girls and women. We recommend that diagnostic assessments are adjusted to capture a broader range of behavioural exemplars of autism; that camouflaging of autistic traits is taken into account; and that care is taken to ensure co-occurring mental health conditions do not overshadow autism diagnosis. We offer recommendations, building on gold-standard diagnostic guidelines, for how diagnostic procedures can be improved for girls and women.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.