ReviewFrontiers in insect science2021
Interaction of Insecticides and Fungicides in Bees.
Review in Frontiers in insect science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidative Stress after Pollutant Exposure Depends Strongly on Experimental Design and Pollutant Properties in Annelids: A Meta-Analysis.Environmental science & technology · 2026Pooled it
- Disruption of Antioxidant Defense Systems in Honey Bees and Wild Bees Under Environmental Xenobiotic Pressure.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- A phototaxis assay to measure sublethal effects of pesticides on bees.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impacts of a fungicide and an insecticide on pollinator visitation and wildflower fitness.Functional ecology · 2025Article
- A wild bumble bee shows intraspecific differences in sensitivity to multiple pesticides.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Insect immunity in the Anthropocene.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025Review
- Binary Mixture of Neonicotinoid-Pyrethroid Insecticide: Impact on Survival, Cognitive Learning, and Memory inBiology · 2025Article
- Four Neurotoxic Insecticides Impair Partner and Host Finding in the Parasitoid Leptopilina heterotoma and Bioactive Doses Can Be Taken up Via the Host.Journal of chemical ecology · 2025Article
- Pesticides in Honeybee Products-Determination of Pesticides in Bee Pollen, Propolis, and Royal Jelly from Polish Apiary.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides Have a Significantly Detrimental Impact on Population Growth and Composition of Nectar Microbial Communities.Microbial ecology · 2024Article
- Novel fungicide and neonicotinoid insecticide impair flight behavior in pollen foraging honey bees, Apis mellifera.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Acute toxicity of the fungicide captan to honey bees and mixed evidence for synergism with the insecticide thiamethoxam.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Fungicides modify pest insect fitness depending on their genotype and population.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Effects of pesticide-adjuvant combinations used in almond orchards on olfactory responses to social signals in honey bees (Apis mellifera).Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Fungicides and insecticides can alter the microbial community on the cuticle of honey bees.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Honeybees and wild bees are among the most important pollinators of both wild and cultivated landscapes. In recent years, however, a significant decline in these pollinators has been recorded. This decrease can have many causes including the heavy use of biocidal plant protection products in agriculture. The most frequent residues in bee products originate from fungicides, while neonicotinoids and, to a lesser extent, pyrethroids are among the most popular insecticides detected in bee products. There is abundant evidence of toxic side effects on honeybees and wild bees produced by neonicotinoids, but only few studies have investigated side effects of fungicides, because they are generally regarded as not being harmful for bees. In the field, a variety of substances are taken up by bees including mixtures of insecticides and fungicides, and their combinations can be lethal for these pollinators, depending on the specific group of insecticide or fungicide. This review discusses the different combinations of major insecticide and fungicide classes and their effects on honeybees and wild bees. Fungicides inhibiting the sterol biosynthesis pathway can strongly increase the toxicity of neonicotinoids and pyrethroids. Other fungicides, in contrast, do not appear to enhance toxicity when combined with neonicotinoid or pyrethroid insecticides. But the knowledge on possible interactions of fungicides not inhibiting the sterol biosynthesis pathway and insecticides is poor, particularly in wild bees, emphasizing the need for further studies on possible effects of insecticide-fungicide interactions in bees.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.