Observational studyNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2024
Do Flavor Descriptions Influence Subjective Ratings of Flavored and Unflavored E-liquids Among Nonsmoking and Non-vaping UK Adolescents?
Observational study in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Findings on e-cigarette flavors and their implications for human health: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Knowledge, attitude, practice and policy support of college students toward electronic cigarette use: a nationwide multicentric study in Iran.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association of fully branded, standardized packaging and limited flavor and brand descriptors of e-liquids with interest in trying products among youths in Great Britain.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Perceptions and use intentions of flavored versus unflavored tobacco products among young adults in Georgia: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionYouth use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is rising globally and is associated with health harms. Flavor descriptions on e-liquid packaging may contribute to the appeal of e-cigarettes among youth. This study compared subjective ratings of e-liquid packaging flavor descriptions among nonsmoking and non-vaping UK adolescents. AIMS AND
methodsThis was an online observational study in a UK sample of nonsmoking and non-vaping adolescents aged 11-17 years. The primary analyses compared flavored versus unflavored descriptions and the secondary analyses compared sweet flavor versus fruit flavor descriptions. Outcomes were packaging appraisal, packaging receptivity, perceived harm, and perceived audience.
resultsThe survey was completed by 120 participants (74% female). Packaging appraisal ratings were higher for e-liquids with flavored descriptions than unflavored descriptions (mean difference 5.9, 95% CI: 4.2 to 7.6, p < .001). Similarly, packaging receptivity ratings were higher for e-liquids with flavored descriptions than unflavored descriptions (mean difference 4.2, 95% CI: 2.8 to 5.6, p < .001). Participants also perceived e-liquids with flavored (vs. unflavored) descriptions as less "grown-up" (mean difference -5.2, 95% CI: -7.3 to -3.1, p < .001). However, ratings of perceived harm were similar for flavored and unflavored descriptions (mean difference -1.0, 95% CI: -2.6 to .5, p = .189).
conclusionsAlthough this study found differences in subjective ratings of e-liquids with flavored and unflavored descriptions, nonsmoking and non-vaping UK adolescents generally had low appraisal and receptivity for e-liquids and they perceived them as being "grown-up" and harmful. IMPLICATIONS: Youth use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is increasing globally, leading to concerns about health harms. This study compared adolescents' ratings of e-liquids with flavored versus unflavored descriptions and e-liquids with sweet flavor versus fruit flavor descriptions. This study adds to previous studies that have compared adolescents' ratings of e-liquids with tobacco flavor versus non-tobacco flavor descriptions. Although packaging appraisal and receptivity ratings were higher (more positive) for e-liquids with flavored versus unflavored descriptions, overall, adolescents who do not smoke or vape had low appraisal and receptivity for e-liquids, and they perceived them as being "grown-up" and harmful.
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