ReviewFamily medicine2024
Minority Tax on Medical Students: A Review of the Literature and Mitigation Recommendations.
Review in Family medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting Engagement of Applicants in the Leadership Through Scholarship Fellowship: A Qualitative Analysis.Family medicine · 2026Article
- Ten years later: future directions from our most cited paper on the minority tax.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Staff perspectives on racial inequities in the neonatal intensive care unit: the REJOICE study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- The experiences of autistic medical students in relation to seeking and receiving online support: A phenomenological study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Equity, diversity, and inclusion in emergency medicine: where we are and where we need to go.CJEM · 2026Article
- Scholarship on the Minority Tax for Medical Students: Advancing the Cause for Change.Family medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluating Methodology for Increasing Diversity in US Residency Training Programs: A Scoping Review.Journal of graduate medical education · 2025Article
- How DEI Experiences Add Value to Residency Applications.Family medicine · 2025Article
- Minority Student Tax.Family medicine · 2025Article
- Beyond diversity recruitment: Next steps to ensure that underrepresented emergency medicine residents thrive.AEM education and training · 2025Article
- "The Forgotten Minority": Perpetuation of Ableism in Medical Education.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Development and implementation of the ASHP Midyear Travel Award to support racially and ethnically minoritized pharmacy students.American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists · 2025Article
- Building Up a Biomedical Research Workforce Trial.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- The Struggle to Belong for Underrepresented Medical Students: A Narrative Review.Perspectives on medical education · 2025Review
- Beyond Traditional: Clearing the Roadblocks to Advancement in Academic Medicine.Perspectives on medical education · 2025Article
- Addressing the Minority Tax by Building Diversity Capital: A Case-Based Discussion.MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources · 2025Article
- Publishing on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Can Advance the Work.Family medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesAccreditation standards for MD- and DO-granting institutions require medical schools to recruit a diverse student body and educate students about diverse groups of patients. The minority tax is a summary of responsibilities assigned to racial and ethnic underrepresented faculty to achieve diversity, equity, and inclusion in medical institutions in addition to their typical academic workload. This article provides a narrative review of medical students' experiences of the minority tax and recommendations on how medical educators can support an equitable learning environment by eliminating the minority tax.
methodsWe searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, Google Scholar, and medical society websites, blogs, and fora for terms, including minority tax, medical students, and undergraduate medical education. We included publications if they discussed the underrepresented in medicine medical students' experiences of the minority tax.
resultsOur search yielded six peer-reviewed original research articles and six publications of commentaries, opinion pieces, or news pieces. Students who were underrepresented in medicine reported spending more hours on diversity efforts compared with students who were not underrepresented; moreover, students reported that they had to sacrifice academic excellence in order to fulfill these additional diversity duties.
conclusionsThe minority tax among medical students constitutes an unequitable and unjust barrier to career advancement, and it likely represents an early cause of attrition in the pipeline of underrepresented in medicine academic faculty. Medical educators can enact specific recommendations to eliminate or mitigate the minority tax experience for medical students.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.