SynthesisAnnals of medicine2024
A systematic review of artificial intelligence-powered (AI-powered) chatbot intervention for managing chronic illness.
Synthesis in Annals of medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Evidence and Future Directions for Pediatric Health Care Chatbots: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence-Based Nursing Interventions for Chronic Illness Care: Umbrella Review.JMIR nursing · 2026Pooled it
- Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Medicine: Focus on Hypertension.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of chatbot interventions in individuals for hypertension management: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Pooled it
- Artificial intelligence (AI) for social innovation in health education: promoting health literacy through personalized ai-driven learning tools - a systematic review.BMC medical education · 2025Pooled it
- Conversational Agents Supporting Self-Management in People With a Chronic Disease: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of AI-Driven Conversational Agents in Improving Mental Health Among Young People: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of stage-of-change (SOC)-tailored interventions in increasing uptake of any type of vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Applied psychology. Health and well-being · 2025Pooled it
- Application of Chatbots to Help Patients Self-Manage Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Chatbot-Delivered Real-Time Support to Improve HIV Self-Testing Rates: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Recommendations From a Health Care Provider's Perspective for Better Implementation of Telemedicine and Telenursing: Descriptive Qualitative Approach.JMIR nursing · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence as a Personal Coach: A Narrative Review of Benefits and Risks in Educational and Health Contexts.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Comparative Evaluation of ChatGPT-5.2, Claude Sonnet 4.5, and DeepSeek-V3.2 for Rosacea-Related Information: Accuracy, Reliability, Readability, and Reference Hallucinations.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Short-Term Efficacy of the Artificial Intelligence HeartBot II in Increasing Awareness and Knowledge of Heart Attack in Women: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial With a Waitlist Control.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- AI-Augmented Teach-Back in Dentistry: From Patient Education to Verified Clinical Understanding.Cureus · 2026Review
- Behavior Change Content and Implementation of Large Language Model-Driven Conversational Agents in Cardiometabolic Care: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-based chatbots to enhance medication adherence among patients with non-communicable chronic diseases: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Article
- Use of the Dynamic Systems Development Method to Inform Technology-Assisted Motivational Interviewing (TAMI) for Tobacco Cessation: Qualitative Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUtilizing artificial intelligence (AI) in chatbots, especially for chronic diseases, has become increasingly prevalent. These AI-powered chatbots serve as crucial tools for enhancing patient communication, addressing the rising prevalence of chronic conditions, and meeting the growing demand for supportive healthcare applications. However, there is a notable gap in comprehensive reviews evaluating the impact of AI-powered chatbot interventions in healthcare within academic literature. This study aimed to assess user satisfaction, intervention efficacy, and the specific characteristics and AI architectures of chatbot systems designed for chronic diseases.
methodA thorough exploration of the existing literature was undertaken by employing diverse databases such as PubMed MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ACM Digital Library and Scopus. The studies incorporated in this analysis encompassed primary research that employed chatbots or other forms of AI architecture in the context of preventing, treating or rehabilitating chronic diseases. The assessment of bias risk was conducted using Risk of 2.0 Tools.
resultsSeven hundred and eighty-four results were obtained, and subsequently, eight studies were found to align with the inclusion criteria. The intervention methods encompassed health education (
conclusionsThe reviewed studies suggest promising acceptance of AI-powered chatbots for self-managing chronic conditions. However, limited evidence on their efficacy due to insufficient technical documentation calls for future studies to provide detailed descriptions and prioritize patient safety. These chatbots employ natural language processing and multimodal interaction. Subsequent research should focus on evidence-based evaluations, facilitating comparisons across diverse chronic health conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.