ArticleAdvances in therapy2024
The Humanistic and Economic Burden Associated with Major Depressive Disorder: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis.
Article in Advances in therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Machine Learning for Comparative Antidepressant Selection in Major Depressive Disorder: Systematic Review.JMIR mental health · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of intermittent theta-burst stimulation versus continuous theta-burst stimulation for major depressive disorder and bipolar depression: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- A randomized controlled trial of a therapist-guided online intervention for depressed adults and its utility as an adjunctive to antidepressants and psychotherapy.BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Cognitive Therapy vs. Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy in a Community Mental Health Setting: A Preliminary Analysis of Effects in Several Severity Domains.Clinical psychology & psychotherapyTrial
- Characteristics of gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with depression: a visual analysis of knowledge maps.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The Art of Nanoimmunobiotechnomedicine in Depression Management.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2025Review
- Association between anhedonia severity and clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes among US adults with major depressive disorder.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Real-World Disability Outcomes Among Patients Treated with Cariprazine vs Other Atypical Antipsychotics as Adjunctive Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating and costly condition. This analysis characterized the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), health care resource utilization (HCRU), and costs between patients with versus without MDD, and across MDD severity levels.
methodsThe 2019 National Health and Wellness Survey was used to identify adults with MDD, who were stratified by disease severity (minimal/mild, moderate, moderately severe, severe), and those without MDD. Outcomes included HRQoL (Short Form-36v2 Health Survey, EuroQol Five-Dimension Visual Analogue Scale, utility scores), HCRU (hospitalizations, emergency department [ED] visits, health care provider [HCP] visits), and annualized average direct medical and indirect (workplace) costs. A subgroup analysis was conducted in participants with MDD and prior medication treatment failure. Participant characteristics and study outcomes were evaluated using bivariate analyses and multivariable regression models, respectively.
resultsCohorts comprised 10,710 participants with MDD (minimal/mild = 5905; moderate = 2206; moderately severe = 1565; severe = 1034) and 52,687 participants without MDD. Participants with MDD had significantly lower HRQoL scores than those without (each comparison, P < 0.001). Increasing MDD severity was associated with decreasing HRQoL. Relative to participants without MDD, participants with MDD reported more HCP visits (2.72 vs 5.64; P < 0.001) and ED visits (0.18 vs 0.22; P < 0.001) but a similar number of hospitalizations. HCRU increased with increasing MDD severity. Although most patients with MDD had minimal/mild to moderate severity, total direct medical and indirect costs were significantly higher for participants with versus without MDD ($8814 vs $6072 and $5425 vs $3085, respectively, both P < 0.001). Direct and indirect costs were significantly higher across all severity levels versus minimal/mild MDD (each comparison, P < 0.05). Among patients with prior MDD medication treatment failure (n = 1077), increasing severity was associated with significantly lower HRQoL and higher total indirect costs than minimal/mild MDD.
conclusionThese results quantify the significant and diverse burdens associated with MDD and prior MDD medication treatment failure.
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