ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2024
High-precision photoacoustic neural modulation uses a non-thermal mechanism.
Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Neuromodulation is a powerful tool for fundamental studies in neuroscience and potential treatments of neurological disorders. Both photoacoustic (PA) and photothermal (PT) effects have been harnessed for non-genetic high-precision neural stimulation. Using a fiber-based device excitable by a nanosecond pulsed laser and a continuous wave laser for PA and PT stimulation, respectively, we systematically investigated PA and PT neuromodulation at the single neuron level. Our results show that to achieve the same level of cell activation recorded by Ca2+ imaging the laser energy needed for PA neurostimulation is 1/40 of that needed for PT stimulation. The threshold energy for PA stimulation is found to be further reduced in neurons overexpressing mechano-sensitive channels, indicating direct involvement of mechano-sensitive channels in PA stimulation. Electrophysiology study of single neurons upon PA and PT stimulation was performed by patch clamp recordings. Electrophysiological features stimulated by PA are distinct from those induced by PT, confirming that PA and PT stimulations operate through distinct mechanisms. These insights offer a foundation for rational design of more efficient and safer non-genetic neural modulation approaches.
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