ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2024
Dispersal history of SARS-CoV-2 in Galicia, Spain.
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51 authors.
Pilar Gallego-GarcíaCINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8531-9851
Nuria Estévez-GómezCINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7281-3137
Loretta De ChiaraCINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-7700-6417
Pilar AlvariñoCINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
Pedro M Juiz-GonzálezServicio de Microbiología del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, 15405 Ferrol.
Isabel Torres-BeceiroServicio de Microbiología del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, 15405 Ferrol.ORCID 0000-0002-8855-8329
Margarita PozaMicrobiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Madrid. Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9423-7268
Juan A VallejoMicrobiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Madrid. Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7581-8654
Soraya Rumbo-FealMicrobiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Madrid. Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1796-1815
Kelly Conde-PérezMicrobiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Madrid. Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
Pablo Aja-MacayaMicrobiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Madrid. Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6296-5949
Susana LadraDatabase Laboratory, Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC), University of A Coruña (UDC), Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4616-0774
Antonio Moreno-FloresServicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5806-6788
María J Gude-GonzálezServicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.
Amparo CoiraMicrobiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) - Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1412-4242
Antonio AguileraMicrobiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) - Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6940-241X
José J Costa-AlcaldeMicrobiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) - Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
Rocío TrastoyMicrobiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) - Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4580-7126
Gema Barbeito-CastiñeirasMicrobiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) - Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
Daniel García-SoutoCiMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. - Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physic Anthropology, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0997-8799
José M C TubioCiMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. - Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physic Anthropology, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3540-2459
Matilde Trigo-DaportaClinical Microbiology Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain.
Pablo Camacho-ZamoraClinical Microbiology Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain.
Juan García CostaServicio de Microbiología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, 32005, Ourense, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6700-7432
María González-DomínguezServicio de Microbiología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, 32005, Ourense, Spain.
Luis Canoura-FernándezServicio de Microbiología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, 32005, Ourense, Spain.
Daniel Glez-PeñaCINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6129-7245
Sonia Pérez-CastroMicrobiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo 36213, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1734-1904
Jorge J CabreraMicrobiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo 36213, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0397-0868
Carlos Daviña-NúñezMicrobiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6952-2219
Montserrat Godoy-DizMicrobiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo 36213, Spain.
Ana Belén Treinta-ÁlvarezMicrobiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo 36213, Spain.
Maria Isabel VeigaLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal - ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909, Guimarães/ Braga, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-2205-8102
João Carlos SousaLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal - ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909, Guimarães/ Braga, Portugal.
Nuno S OsórioLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal - ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909, Guimarães/ Braga, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-0949-5399
Iñaki ComasTuberculosis Genomics Unit, Biomedicine Institute of Valencia, Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5504-9408
Fernando González-CandelasCIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Spain; Joint Research Unit "Infection and Public Health" FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0879-5798
Samuel L HongDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-6354-4943
Nena BollenDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-0532-0658
Simon DellicourDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-9558-1052
Guy BaeleDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-1915-7732
Marc A SuchardDepartment of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA - Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA - Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9818-479X
Philippe LemeyDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-2826-5353
Andrés AgullaServicio de Microbiología del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, 15405 Ferrol.
Germán BouMicrobiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Madrid. Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8837-0062
Pilar Alonso-GarcíaServicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6094-3903
María Luisa Pérez-Del-MolinoMicrobiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) - Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5745-0411
Marta García-CampelloClinical Microbiology Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain.
Isabel Paz-VidalServicio de Microbiología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, 32005, Ourense, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0037-163X
Benito RegueiroMicrobiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo 36213, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4009-7922
David PosadaCINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1407-3406
Funding
Technology CoreU19AI135995 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI Kristian Graugaard Andersen · 2018 to 2026
$32.0MFast and flexible Bayesian phylogenetics via modern machine learningR01AI162611 · NIAID · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI MATSEN, FREDERICK ALBERT · 2021 to 2025
$3.8MStatistical Innovation to Integrate Sequences and Phenotypes for Scalable Phylodynamic InferenceR01AI153044 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Marc A. Suchard · 2021 to 2026
$2.4MNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI153044NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI162611NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI135995Wellcome Trust
Abstract
The dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission are influenced by a variety of factors, including social restrictions and the emergence of distinct variants. In this study, we delve into the origins and dissemination of the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants of concern in Galicia, northwest Spain. For this, we leveraged genomic data collected by the EPICOVIGAL Consortium and from the GISAID database, along with mobility information from other Spanish regions and foreign countries. Our analysis indicates that initial introductions during the Alpha phase were predominantly from other Spanish regions and France. However, as the pandemic progressed, introductions from Portugal and the USA became increasingly significant. Notably, Galicia's major coastal cities emerged as critical hubs for viral transmission, highlighting their role in sustaining and spreading the virus. This research emphasizes the critical role of regional connectivity in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and offers essential insights for enhancing public health strategies and surveillance measures.
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