Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38463337›Full record

ArticleACS omega2024

Preparation and Evaluation of a Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Improving the Solubility and Permeability of Ticagrelor.

Anam Aziz, Muhammad Zaman, Mahtab Ahmad Khan, Talha Jamshaid, Muhammad Hammad Butt, Huma Hameed, Muhammad Shafeeq Ur Rahman, Qurat-Ul-Ain Shoaib

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS omega, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Anam AzizFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Muhammad ZamanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-2979
Mahtab Ahmad KhanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Talha JamshaidFaculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
Muhammad Hammad ButtDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4387-1351
Huma HameedFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Muhammad Shafeeq Ur RahmanFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Qurat-Ul-Ain ShoaibAkhtar Saeed College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ticagrelor (TCG) is a BCS class IV antiplatelet drug used to prevent platelet aggregation in patients with acute coronary syndrome, having poor solubility and permeability. The goal of this study was to develop a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of TCG to improve its solubility and permeability. The excipients were selected based on the maximum solubility of TCG and observed by UV spectrophotometer. Different combinations of oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) were used to prepare TCG-SNEDDS formulations, and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were plotted. The nanoemulsion region was observed. Clove oil (10-20%), Tween-80 (45-70%), and PEG-400 (20-45%) were used as an oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively. The selected formulations (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and F6) were analyzed for ζ potential, polydispersity index (PDI), ζ size, self-emulsification test, cloud point determination, thermodynamic studies, entrapment efficiency, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),

Identifiers

PMID38463337
PMCPMC10918814

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.