ArticleBiological trace element research2025
Monitoring of Essential and Toxic Elements in Multivitamin/Mineral Effervescent Tablet Supplements and Safety Assessment.
Article in Biological trace element research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quality of Vitamin B12 Supplements Regarding Vitamin Assay and Content of Heavy Metals.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Analysis of Mercury Concentration in Dietary Supplements Supporting Weight Loss and Health Risk Assessment.Nutrients · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multivitamin/mineral (MVM) supplements are the most commonly utilized dietary supplements by many populations. However, there is a severe concern about their adverse effects due to elemental impurities. In the present study, it was aimed to determine the levels of 11 elemental impurities (Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Co, V, Ni, Se, Mo, Cu, and Cr) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and evaluate the human health risk associated with the consumption of 33 MVM effervescent tablet supplements available in Turkey. The precision of the method in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 4.6%. The accuracy of the method was tested with recovery experiments, and the results ranged between 86 and 107%. The impurity levels for Cd, Pb, As, Co, V, Ni, Se, Mo, Cu, and Cr were found between 0.011-0.050, 0.025-0.098, 0.018-0.056, 0.010-0.626, 0.027-0.290, 0.026-1.65, 1.92-21.83, 0.034-34.09, 0.140-183.9, and 0.033-13.10 µg/g, respectively, and Hg was not detected in any sample. The calculated concentrations for elemental impurities complied with EMA and USP guidelines, except one supplement for Se (21.83 µg/g) with a permitted limit of 15 µg/g. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) levels were below 1 for all samples within the ranges of 3.4 × 10
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Registered trials
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