Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38459395›Full record

ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2024

Infertility and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the women's health initiative.

Leslie V Farland, Kimberly E Lind, Cynthia A Thomson, Nazmus Saquib, Aladdin H Shadyab, Peter F Schnatz, Rogelio Robles-Morales, Lihong Qi, Howard Strickler, Dorothy S Lane and 3 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.

Leslie V FarlandDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA. lfarland@email.arizona.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7455-8531
Kimberly E LindDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Cynthia A ThomsonDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Nazmus SaquibCollege of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Al Bukayriyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Aladdin H ShadyabHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Peter F SchnatzDepartments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Internal Medicine, Reading Hospital and Drexel University, Reading, PA, USA.
Rogelio Robles-MoralesClinical and Translational Sciences, College of Medicine - Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Lihong QiDepartment of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Howard StricklerDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Dorothy S LaneRenaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Gayathree MurugappanSpring Fertility, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Denise J RoeDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
Holly R HarrisProgram in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
University of Arizona · USAlbert Einstein College of Medicine · USPacific Fertility Center · USReading Hospital · USStony Brook School · USSulaiman Al Rajhi Colleges · SAUniversity of California, Davis · USUniversity of California San Diego · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

Staff InvestigatorsP30CA093373 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI Gina M Dayton · 2002 to 2026
$84.9M
Infertility and Risk of Breast, Gynecologic, and Colorectal CancerR03HD102403 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI FARLAND, LESLIE V · 2021 to 2022
$154k
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development HD102403NCI NIH HHS P30 CA093373NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201600001CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201600002CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201600003CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201600004CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201600018CNICHD NIH HHS R03 HD102403
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAlthough infertility (i.e., failure to conceive after ≥ 12 months of trying) is strongly correlated with established breast cancer risk factors (e.g., nulliparity, number of pregnancies, and age at first pregnancy), its association with breast cancer incidence is not fully understood. Previous studies were primarily small clinic-based or registry studies with short follow-up and predominantly focused on premenopausal breast cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between infertility and postmenopausal breast cancer risk among participants in the Women's Health Initiative (analytic sample = 131,784; > 25 years of follow-up).

methodsAt study entry, participants were asked about their pregnancy history, infertility history, and diagnosed reasons for infertility. Incident breast cancers were self-reported with adjudication by trained physicians reviewing medical records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate risk of incident postmenopausal breast cancer for women with infertility (overall and specific infertility diagnoses) compared to parous women with no history of infertility. We examined mediation of these associations by parity, age at first term pregnancy, postmenopausal hormone therapy use at baseline, age at menopause, breastfeeding, and oophorectomy.

resultsWe observed a modest association between infertility (n = 23,406) and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (HR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.02-1.13). The association was largely mediated by age at first term pregnancy (natural indirect effect: 46.4% mediated, CI 12.2-84.3%).

conclusionThese findings suggest that infertility may be modestly associated with future risk of postmenopausal breast cancer due to age at first pregnancy and highlight the importance of incorporating reproductive history across the life course into breast cancer analyses.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsPostmenopauseAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceInfertilityInfertility, FemaleMiddle AgedPregnancyProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsUnited StatesWomen's HealthAge at first birthBreast cancerInfertilityParity

Identifiers

PMID38459395
PMCPMC11186618
OpenAlexW4392623638

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.