Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38459265›Full record

ArticleNature human behaviour2024

Orthogonal neural encoding of targets and distractors supports multivariate cognitive control.

Harrison Ritz, Amitai Shenhav

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature human behaviour, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
11.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. The cost of efficiency in flexible neural representations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Entorhinal Cortex Signals Dimensions of Past Experience That Can Be Generalized in a Novel Environment.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Novel Verbal Instructions Recruit Abstract Neural Patterns of Time-Variable Information Dimensionality.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Harrison RitzCognitive, Linguistic & Psychological Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. hritz@princeton.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-2946
Amitai ShenhavCognitive, Linguistic & Psychological Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0222-0774
Allen Institute for Brain Science · US

Funding

The neural basis of sequential control in human and non-human primatesP20GM103645 · NIGMS · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI SANES, JEROME N · 2013 to 2022
$22.9M
Neural and computational mechanisms of motivation and cognitive controlR01MH124849 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI SHENHAV, AMITAI · 2021 to 2025
$2.0M
Brain Science Compute ClusterS10OD025181 · OD · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI SANES, JEROME N · 2019 to 2019
$600k
National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award 2046111NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM103645NIH HHS S10 OD025181NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH124849U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01MH124849
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The complex challenges of our mental life require us to coordinate multiple forms of neural information processing. Recent behavioural studies have found that people can coordinate multiple forms of attention, but the underlying neural control process remains obscure. We hypothesized that the brain implements multivariate control by independently monitoring feature-specific difficulty and independently prioritizing feature-specific processing. During functional MRI, participants performed a parametric conflict task that separately tags target and distractor processing. Consistent with feature-specific monitoring, univariate analyses revealed spatially segregated encoding of target and distractor difficulty in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Consistent with feature-specific attentional priority, our encoding geometry analysis revealed overlapping but orthogonal representations of target and distractor coherence in the intraparietal sulcus. Coherence representations were mediated by control demands and aligned with both performance and frontoparietal activity, consistent with top-down attention. Together, these findings provide evidence for the neural geometry necessary to coordinate multivariate cognitive control.

Indexed as

AttentionMagnetic Resonance ImagingAdultBrainBrain MappingCognitionConflict, PsychologicalExecutive FunctionFemaleGyrus CinguliHumansMaleParietal LobeYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID38459265
PMCPMC11219097
OpenAlexW4392588864

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.