ArticleNature communications2024
The defensome of complex bacterial communities.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microbial ecology of shallow groundwater ecosystems.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Functional-Taxonomic Scaling Resolves Conflicting Average Genome Size Estimates Across Environmental Gradients.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
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- Bacterial immune systems.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Comparative genomics and methylome profiling ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Phenotypic heterogeneity shapes phage resistance and cocktail efficacy inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
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- The chicken gut virome: spatial structuring and extensive diversity of 19,778 viral populations.mSystems · 2026Article
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- Genomic and phenotypic characterization of a human gutFuture microbiology · 2026Article
- Plasmids as persistent genetic reservoirs of bacterial defense systems in wastewater treatment.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Genomic landscape of biosynthetic gene clusters in Iranian extremophiles reveals prolific metabolite potential, prophage associations, and integrated defensive-metabolic islands.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Co-occurrence of diverse defense systems shapes complex microbe-virus relationships in deep-sea cold seeps.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Defence systems drive accessory genome interactions inISME communications · 2026Article
- From CRISPR-Cas to Argonautes: Defense systems of bacteria and archaea in the hydrothermal deep subsurface.ISME communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Host breed and geography shape the antiviral defense landscape of the bovine rumen microbiome.ISME communications · 2026Article
- Characterization and diversity of defense systems inFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- More Is Not Always Better: Co-Occurrence Analysis of Anti-Phage Systems Reveals Prevalent Neutral Interactions inMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- ssDNA phage FLiP resides in dsDNA form in resistant Flavobacterium host.Biology direct · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacteria have developed various defense mechanisms to avoid infection and killing in response to the fast evolution and turnover of viruses and other genetic parasites. Such pan-immune system (defensome) encompasses a growing number of defense lines that include well-studied innate and adaptive systems such as restriction-modification, CRISPR-Cas and abortive infection, but also newly found ones whose mechanisms are still poorly understood. While the abundance and distribution of defense systems is well-known in complete and culturable genomes, there is a void in our understanding of their diversity and richness in complex microbial communities. Here we performed a large-scale in-depth analysis of the defensomes of 7759 high-quality bacterial population genomes reconstructed from soil, marine, and human gut environments. We observed a wide variation in the frequency and nature of the defensome among large phyla, which correlated with lifestyle, genome size, habitat, and geographic background. The defensome's genetic mobility, its clustering in defense islands, and genetic variability was found to be system-specific and shaped by the bacterial environment. Hence, our results provide a detailed picture of the multiple immune barriers present in environmentally distinct bacterial communities and set the stage for subsequent identification of novel and ingenious strategies of diversification among uncultivated microbes.
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