ArticleBMJ open2024
Prevalence and correlates of paediatric guideline non-adherence for initial empirical care in six low and middle-income settings: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimising Paediatric Medication Adherence Through Innovative Drug Formulations and Delivery Systems.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Review
- Missed opportunities for hospital referral of young children with severe pneumonia identified at primary care using pulse oximetry: an analysis from the AIRE study in West Africa.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- "Though there are some challenges, we try our best to follow the guidelines": a qualitative study exploring determinants of providing guideline-adherent care to hospitalized children in Kenya.Implementation science communications · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 9 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study evaluated the prevalence and correlates of guideline non-adherence for common childhood illnesses in low-resource settings. DESIGN AND
settingWe used secondary cross-sectional data from eight healthcare facilities in six Asian and African countries.
participantsA total of 2796 children aged 2-23 months hospitalised between November 2016 and January 2019 with pneumonia, diarrhoea or severe malnutrition (SM) and without HIV infection were included in this study. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We identified children treated with full, partial or non-adherent initial inpatient care according to site-specific standard-of-care guidelines for pneumonia, diarrhoea and SM within the first 24 hours of admission. Correlates of guideline non-adherence were identified using generalised estimating equations.
resultsFully adherent care was delivered to 32% of children admitted with diarrhoea, 34% of children with pneumonia and 28% of children with SM when a strict definition of adherence was applied. Non-adherence to recommendations was most common for oxygen and antibiotics for pneumonia; fluid, zinc and antibiotics for diarrhoea; and vitamin A and zinc for SM. Non-adherence varied by site. Pneumonia guideline non-adherence was more likely among patients with severe disease (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.38, 2.34) compared with non-severe disease. Diarrhoea guideline non-adherence was more likely among lower asset quintile groups (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.01, 1.35), older children (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.06, 1.13) and children presenting with wasting (OR 6.44; 95% CI 4.33, 9.57) compared with those with higher assets, younger age and not wasted.
conclusionsNon-adherence to paediatric guidelines was common and associated with older age, disease severity, and comorbidities, and lower household economic status. These findings highlight opportunities to improve guidelines by adding clarity to specific recommendations.
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