ArticlePloS one2024
Coordination of gaze and action during high-speed steering and obstacle avoidance.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Retinal curl as a functional signal for heading estimation beyond the focus of expansion.eLife · 2026Article
- The Unity Playback System: A tool for visualizing behavioral data in 3D Unity virtual environments.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Visual control of steering through multiple waypoints.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prospective control of steering through multiple waypoints.Journal of vision · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
When humans navigate through complex environments, they coordinate gaze and steering to sample the visual information needed to guide movement. Gaze and steering behavior have been extensively studied in the context of automobile driving along a winding road, leading to accounts of movement along well-defined paths over flat, obstacle-free surfaces. However, humans are also capable of visually guiding self-motion in environments that are cluttered with obstacles and lack an explicit path. An extreme example of such behavior occurs during first-person view drone racing, in which pilots maneuver at high speeds through a dense forest. In this study, we explored the gaze and steering behavior of skilled drone pilots. Subjects guided a simulated quadcopter along a racecourse embedded within a custom-designed forest-like virtual environment. The environment was viewed through a head-mounted display equipped with an eye tracker to record gaze behavior. In two experiments, subjects performed the task in multiple conditions that varied in terms of the presence of obstacles (trees), waypoints (hoops to fly through), and a path to follow. Subjects often looked in the general direction of things that they wanted to steer toward, but gaze fell on nearby objects and surfaces more often than on the actual path or hoops. Nevertheless, subjects were able to perform the task successfully, steering at high speeds while remaining on the path, passing through hoops, and avoiding collisions. In conditions that contained hoops, subjects adapted how they approached the most immediate hoop in anticipation of the position of the subsequent hoop. Taken together, these findings challenge existing models of steering that assume that steering is tightly coupled to where actors look. We consider the study's broader implications as well as limitations, including the focus on a small sample of highly skilled subjects and inherent noise in measurement of gaze direction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.