ReviewFrontiers in epidemiology2023
Cardiovascular disease, associated risk factors, and risk of dementia: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.
Review in Frontiers in epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Independent and Combined Effects of Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases on the Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies Involving 8,276,914 Participants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiac Biomarkers, Subclinical Brain Vascular Changes, and Cognitive Decline: Post Hoc Analysis of the SPRINT Trial.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Trial
- Mediterranean Diet Modulation of Neuroinflammation-Related Genes in Elderly Adults at High Cardiovascular Risk.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- The burden of brain disorders in Norway: an analysis of data from the global burden of disease study 2023.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Dementia risk across distinct metabolic profiles in the UK Biobank.GeroScience · 2026Article
- The association between ultra-processed food exposure and cognition in older adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Accelerated Biological Aging, Neurodegenerative Disease, and Mortality in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Mediation and Modification Analysis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Adipokines and satiety hormones and incidence of Alzheimer's disease and dementia in older adults: a nested case-control study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Association between geriatric malnutrition and the risk of dementia: a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study in Uganda.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Dementia Risk in the Decade Before and After Coronary Heart Disease Diagnosis: Hybrid Case-Control and Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Association between self-reported poor oral health and subjective cognitive decline: a cross-sectional analysis of US survey data.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Cognitive Decline Preceding Incident Cardiovascular Events in Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Secular trends of incidence and prevalence of Parkinsonism subtypes: a cohort study in the United Kingdom.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Trends in Dementia Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality among Older Hong Kong Chinese, 2005-2019: A Population-Based Study.Neuroepidemiology · 2026Article
- Alzheimer's Disease: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Disease-Modifying Therapies and Clinical Implementation in Aging Populations.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Review
- External validation of dementia risk prediction models in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort: a UK-based cohort study.NPJ dementia · 2026Article
- Advances in brain MRI for CAD-associated cognitive impairment with supplementary perspectives from traditional Chinese medicine.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Evaluation of distinct and similar pathological features between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Association of Dementia With the Outcome of Patients With Heart Failure: Evidence From the Japanese KCHF Registry.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Observational
- Characterising inequalities in accessing primary care psychological therapies services for people living with dementia: the example of NHS talking therapies in England.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been associated with an increased risk of dementia; yet the evidence is mixed. This review critically appraises and synthesises current evidence exploring associations between dementia risk and CVD and their risk factors, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and arterial stiffness. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to identify systematic reviews with meta-analyses investigating the association between at least one of the CVDs of interest and dementia risk. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews was used to assess methodological quality. Results: Twenty-five meta-analyses published between 2007 and 2021 were included. Studies largely consisted of cohorts from North America and Europe. Findings were variable, with coronary heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation consistently associated with increased risk for all-cause dementia, but results were inconsistent for Alzheimer's disease. Hypertension was more frequently associated with dementia during mid-life compared to late life. Findings concerning cholesterol were complex, and while results were inconsistent for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol, there appeared to be no associations between triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. All meta-analyses investigating hypercholesterolaemia showed significant increases in dementia risk. There was a paucity of research on the association between arterial stiffness and dementia risk. Conclusion: Targeted CVD dementia prevention strategies could reduce dementia prevalence. Future research should determine the underpinning mechanisms linking heart and brain health to determine the most effective strategies for dementia risk reduction in CVD populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.