ArticleChemical science2024
Ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe for nitroreductase activity enables 3D imaging of hypoxic cells within intact tumor spheroids.
Article in Chemical science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chemical Constructions, Mechanism and Biological Interpretation of Nitroreductase-Responsive Systems: From Hypoxia-Associated Imaging to Activatable Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Annulated cationic tetramethyl indo(di)carbocyanine dyes exhibit potent dark cytotoxicity in cancer cells.Dyes and pigments : an international journal · 2026Article
- Activatable NIR Schaap's 1,2-Dioxetane-Based Chemiluminescent Probes for Bioimaging Applications.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Review
- Fluorescent Molecular Probe for Imaging Hypoxia in 2D Cell Culture Monolayers and 3D Tumor Spheroids: The Cell Membrane Partition Model for Predicting Probe Distribution in a Spheroid.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal analysis of ratiometric biosensors in live multicellular spheroids using SPoRTS.Cell reports methods · 2025Article
- Modularized supramolecular assemblies for hypoxia-activatable fluorescent visualization and image-guided theranostics.Theranostics · 2024Article
- Recent advances and applications of nitroreductase activable agents for tumor theranostic.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Fluorescent molecular probes that report nitroreductase activity have promise as imaging tools to elucidate the biology of hypoxic cells and report the past hypoxic history of biomedical tissue. This study describes the synthesis and validation of a "first-in-class" ratiometric, hydrophilic near-infrared fluorescent molecular probe for imaging hypoxia-induced nitroreductase activity in 2D cell culture monolayers and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids. The probe's molecular structure is charge-balanced and the change in ratiometric signal is based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) from a deep-red, pentamethine cyanine donor dye (Cy5, emits ∼660 nm) to a linked near-infrared, heptamethine cyanine acceptor dye (Cy7, emits ∼780 nm). Enzymatic reduction of a 4-nitrobenzyl group on the Cy7 component induces a large increase in Cy7/Cy5 fluorescence ratio. The deep penetration of near-infrared light enables 3D optical sectioning of intact tumor spheroids, and visualization of individual hypoxic cells (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.