ArticleBMC medicine2024
Correlates of protection and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections 1 year after third dose vaccination.
Article in BMC medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serological Predictors of Protection from Infection Upon Household Exposure to SARS-CoV-2.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Breakthrough COVID-19 infections among healthcare workers at a tertiary care hospital in Beirut: Prevalence and determinants.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Determinants of long-term SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in asymptomatic-to-moderate COVID-19 patients in sub-Saharan Africa.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- 400 AU/mL IgG protective threshold against SARS-CoV-2 XBB reinfection in Chinese inactivated vaccine recipients: implications for booster vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in saliva and serum post infection, and subsequent vaccination in South Africa.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2026Article
- Systemic and mucosal immune signatures of protection against SARS-CoV-2 transmission in humans.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Immune Correlates and Vaccine Immunobridging: Statistical Innovations, Challenges, and Opportunities.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Modeling Antibody Kinetics Post-mRNA Booster Vaccination and Protection Durations Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Determinants of antibody levels and protection against omicron BQ.1/XBB breakthrough infection.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Predicting antibody kinetics and duration of protection against SARS-CoV-2 following vaccination from sparse serological data.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Variant-Specific Antibodies in Vaccinated Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Article
- Antibody Levels From High-Throughput Variant-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Immunoglobulin G and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Neutralization Assays Correlate With COVID-19 Infection Risk in a Large Population.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in Nursing Home Residents in Belgium Throughout Three BNT162b2 Vaccination Rounds: 19-Month Follow-Up.Vaccines · 2025Article
- The immunological impact of revaccination in a hybrid-immune world.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Genomic insights into mRNA COVID-19 vaccines efficacy: Linking genetic polymorphisms to waning immunity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- mRNA vaccine-induced IgG mediates nasal SARS-CoV-2 clearance in mice.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2024Article
- Factors Predicting COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness and Longevity of Humoral Immune Responses.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Association between humoral serological markers levels and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection after the primary COVID-19 vaccine course among ANRS0001S COV-POPART cohort participants.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Observational
- Hybrid Immunity and the Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections during the Omicron Era in Frontline Healthcare Workers.Vaccines · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and the waning of immunity raise concerns about vaccine effectiveness and protection against COVID-19. While antibody response has been shown to correlate with the risk of infection with the original variant and earlier variants of concern, the effectiveness of antibody-mediated protection against Omicron and the factors associated with protection remain uncertain.
methodsWe evaluated antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens from Wuhan and variants of concern by Luminex and their role in preventing breakthrough infections 1 year after a third dose of mRNA vaccination, in a cohort of health care workers followed since the pandemic onset in Spain (N = 393). Data were analyzed in relation to COVID-19 history, demographic factors, comorbidities, vaccine doses, brand, and adverse events.
resultsHigher levels of anti-S IgG and IgA to Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron were associated with protection against vaccine breakthroughs (IgG against Omicron S antigen HR, 0.06, 95%CI, 0.26-0.01). Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was positively associated with antibody levels and protection against breakthroughs, and a longer time since last infection was associated with lower protection. In addition, priming with BNT162b2 followed by mRNA-1273 booster was associated with higher antibody responses than homologous mRNA-1273 vaccination.
conclusionsData show that IgG and IgA induced by vaccines against the original strain or by hybrid immunization are valid correlates of protection against Omicron BA.1 despite immune escape and support the benefits of heterologous vaccination regimens to enhance antibodies and the prioritization of booster vaccination in individuals without recent infections.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.