ArticleScientific reports2024
Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies.
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- Everyday norms have become more permissive over time and vary across cultures.Communications psychology · 2025Article
- People who seem disgusting seem more immoral.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
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Per A AnderssonDepartment of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden. per.a.andersson@liu.se.
Irina VartanovaInstitute for Futures Studies, Box 591, 101 31, Stockholm, Sweden.
Daniel VästfjällDepartment of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
Gustav TinghögJEDILab, Division of Economics, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Pontus StrimlingInstitute for Futures Studies, Box 591, 101 31, Stockholm, Sweden.
Junhui WuCAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lincui Road 16, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
Isabela HazinInstitute for Futures Studies, Box 591, 101 31, Stockholm, Sweden.
Charity S AkotiaDepartment of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 84, Accra, Ghana.
Alisher AldashevInternational School of Economics, Kazakh-British Technical University, 59 Tole Bi Street, 050000, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Giulia AndrighettoInstitute for Futures Studies, Box 591, 101 31, Stockholm, Sweden.
Adote AnumDepartment of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, P.O. Box LG 84, Accra, Ghana.
Gizem ArikanDepartment of Political Science, Trinity College Dublin, 2-3 College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Fatemeh BagherianFaculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
Davide BarreraUniversity of Turin and Collegio Carlo Alberto, Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10124, Turin, Italy.
Dana Basnight-BrownSchool of Humanities and Social Sciences, United States International University Africa, Box 14634 00800, Nairobi, Kenya.
Birzhan BatkeyevInternational School of Economics, Kazakh-British Technical University, 59 Tole Bi Street, 050000, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Elizaveta BerezinaSunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Marie BjörnstjernaInstitute for Futures Studies, Box 591, 101 31, Stockholm, Sweden.
Paweł BoskiSWPS University, Chodakowska 19-31, 03-815, Warsaw, Poland.
Inna BovinaMoscow State University of Psychology and Education, Sretenka Str., 29, 127051, Moscow, Russia.
Bui Thi Thu HuyenHanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Đorđe ČekrlijaFaculty of Philosophy, University of Banja Luka, Vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, 78000, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Hoon-Seok ChoiDepartment of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, 25-2, Sungkyunkwan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03063, Republic of Korea.
Carlos C Contreras-IbáñezDepartamento de Sociología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Ciudad de México, México.
Rui Costa-LopesInstituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Anibal de Bettencourt, 9, 1600-189, Lisboa, Portugal.
Mícheál de BarraCenter for Culture and Evolution, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
Piyanjali de ZoysaFaculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka.
Angela R DorroughDepartment of Psychology, University of Cologne, Richard-Strauss-Str. 2, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
Nikolay DvoryanchikovMoscow State University of Psychology and Education, Sretenka Str., 29, 127051, Moscow, Russia.
Jan B EngelmannCenter for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making (CREED), Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15867, 1001 NJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Olivia A Foster-GimbelStern School of Business, New York University, 40 West 4Th Street, Tisch Hall, Suite 700, New York, NY, 10012, USA.
Márta FülöpHUN-REN Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
Ragna B GardarsdottirFaculty of Psychology, University of Iceland, Nyi Gardur, Saemundargata 12, IS-102, Reykjavík, Iceland.
C M Hew D GillSunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Andreas GlöcknerDepartment of Psychology, University of Cologne, Richard-Strauss-Str. 2, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
Sylvie GrafInstitute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
Ani GrigoryanDepartment of Personality Psychology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
Vladimir GritskovSaint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
Katarzyna GrowiecSWPS University, Chodakowska 19-31, 03-815, Warsaw, Poland.
Peter HalamaCenter for Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Andree HartantoSchool of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, 90 Stamford Road, Singapore, 178903, Singapore.
Tim HopthrowSchool of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NP, UK.
Martina HřebíčkováInstitute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Hirotaka ImadaDepartment of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK.
Hansika KapoorDepartment of Psychology, Monk Prayogshala, 4114, C Wing, Oberoi Garden Estates, Off Saki Vihar Road, Andheri East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400072, India.
Kerry KawakamiDepartment of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Narine KhachatryanDepartment of Personality Psychology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
Natalia KharchenkoKyiv International Institute of Sociology, Voloska Str., 8/5, Build. 4, Kyiv, 04070, Ukraine.
Toko KiyonariAoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1, Fuchinobe, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara-City, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan.
Michal KohútFaculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of Trnava, Hornopotočná 23, 918 43, Trnava, Slovakia.
Lisa M LeslieStern School of Business, New York University, 40 West 4Th Street, Tisch Hall, Suite 700, New York, NY, 10012, USA.
Yang LiMelbourne School of Psychological Science, University of Melbourne, 1116 Redmond Barry Building, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
Norman P LiSchool of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, 90 Stamford Road, Singapore, 178903, Singapore.
Zhuo LiDepartment of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.
Kadi LiikSchool of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva Rd 25, 10120, Tallinn, Estonia.
Angela T MaitnerDepartment of Psychology, American University of Sharjah, PO Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Sara RomanòDepartment of Culture, Politics and Society, University of Turin, 10135, Turin, Italy.
Pedro P RomeroExperimental and Computational Economics Lab (ECEL), School of Economics, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y Pampite, Quito, Ecuador.
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Giovanni A TravaglinoDepartment of Law and Criminology, Institute for the Study of Power, Crime, and Society, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK.
Yannis TsirbasDepartment of Political Science and Public Administration, University of Athens, 6 Themistokleous Street, 10678, Athens, Greece.
Sita WidodoDepartment of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus B Unair Jalan Airlangga 4-6, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia.
Rizqy ZeinDepartment of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus B Unair Jalan Airlangga 4-6, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia.
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Funding
Czech Science Foundation 23-061770SInstitute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Y5CX052003The Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences RVO: 68081740
Abstract
When someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip. Moreover, we find that the experience of anger is consistently the strongest predictor of judgments of confrontation, compared to other emotions. Although the link between state-based emotions and judgments may seem universal, its strength varies across countries. Aligned with theoretical predictions, this link is stronger in societies, and among individuals, that place higher value on individual autonomy. Thus, autonomy values may increase the role that emotions play in guiding judgments of social sanctions.
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DisgustAngerEmotionsHumansJudgmentMorals
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