ArticlePloS one2024
A scoping review on the clinical effectiveness of Trans-Impedance Matrix (TIM) measurements in detecting extracochlear electrodes and tip fold overs in Cochlear Ltd devices.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Automatic Detection of Extracochlear Electrodes in Cochlear Implants Using Electric Field Imaging: Bench and Clinical Validation.Audiology research · 2026Article
- Trans-impedance matrix heatmap patterns in cochlear implant patients with different cochlear pathologies: meningitis, otosclerosis, and temporal bone fractures.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Observational
- Evaluation of Spiral Ganglion Lesions by Electrophysiological Measures.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Evaluation of tip fold over in 1,575 cochlear implant electrode arrays.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Review
- Revealing intracochlear microtrauma during cochlear implantation using optical coherence tomography and electrochemical sensing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Threshold-distance functions predict speech recognition with cochlear implants.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development of a Novel Algorithm for Tip Fold-Over Detection in Cochlear Implants and Evaluation on Bench and Multiple Clinical Data Bases.Audiology research · 2025Article
- Sensitivity and Specificity of Intraoperative TransImpedance Matrix Recordings Compared With X-ray Imaging in Detecting Perimodiolar Cochlear Implant Tip Foldovers: A Multicenter Study.Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology · 2025Article
- Knowledge and Practice in Cochlear Re-Implantation in the UK: A Survey for Audiologists.Audiology research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExtrusion of electrodes outside the cochlea and tip fold overs may lead to suboptimal outcomes in cochlear implant (CI) recipients. Intraoperative measures such as Trans-Impedance Matrix (TIM) measurements may enable clinicians to identify electrode malposition and direct surgeons to correctly place the electrode array during surgery.
objectivesTo assess the current literature on the effectiveness of TIM measurements in identifying extracochlear electrodes and tip fold overs.
methodsA scoping review of studies on TIM-based measurements were carried out using the Databases-Medline/PubMed, AMED, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library following PRISMA guidelines. Eleven full texts articles met the inclusion criteria. Only human studies pertaining to TIM as a tool used in CI were included in the review. Further, patient characteristics, electrode design, and TIM measurement outcomes were reported.
resultsTIM measurements were available for 550 implanted ears with the subjects age ranged between 9 months to 89 years. Abnormal TIM measurements were reported for 6.55% (36). Tip fold over was detected in 3.64% (20) of the cases, extracochlear electrodes in 1.45% (8), and 1.45% (8) were reported as buckling. Slim-modiolar electrode array designs were more common (54.71%) than pre-curved (23.34%) or lateral wall (21.95%) electrode array. Abnormal cochlear anatomy was reported for five ears (0.89%), with normal cochlear anatomy for all other patients.
conclusionTIM measurement is a promising tool for the intraoperative detection of electrode malposition. TIM measurement has a potential to replace intraoperative imaging in future. Though, TIM measurement is in its early stages of clinical utility, intuitive normative data sets coupled with standardised criteria for detection of abnormal electrode positioning would enhance its sensitivity.
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