ReviewJournal of clinical and experimental hepatology
Basics and Art of Immunosuppression in Liver Transplantation.
Review in Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thai Transplant Care Practice Guideline on Immunosuppressive Therapy for Adult Kidney Transplantation.Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Guideline
- Liver Tissueoid on-a-Chip Modeling Liver Regeneration and Allograft Rejection.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Frequency ofCanadian liver journal · 2026Article
- Pilot Study on Dynamic Long-Axial Field-of-View [Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Systemic Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Liver Transplantation.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Determinants of organ donation knowledge and attitudes among university students in Oman: a secondary analysis using logistic regression and machine learning.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Immunopathogenesis of antibody-mediated rejection in liver transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Factors Associated with Candidemia After Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Engraftment and Safety of Human Umbilical Di-Chimeric Cell (HUDC) Therapy after Systemic Intraosseous Administration in an Experimental Model.Biomedicines · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Liver transplantation is one of the most challenging areas in the medical field. Despite that, it has already been established as a standard treatment option, especially in decompensated cirrhosis and selected cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and acute liver failure. Complications due to graft rejection, including mortality and morbidity, have greatly improved over time due to better immunosuppressive agents and management protocols. Currently, immunosuppression in liver transplant patients makes use of the best possible combinations of effective agents to achieve optimal immunosuppression for long-term graft survival. Induction agents are no longer used routinely, and the aim is to provide minimal immunosuppression in the maintenance phase. Currently available immunosuppressive agents are mainly classified as biological and pharmacological agents. Though the protocols may vary among the centers and over time, the basics of effective use usually remain similar. Most protocols use the combination of multiple agents with different mechanisms of action to reduce the dose and minimize the side effects. Along with the improvement in operative and perioperative techniques, this art of immunosuppression has contributed to the recent progress made in the outcomes of liver transplants. In this review, we will discuss the various types of immunosuppressive agents currently in use, the different protocols of immunosuppression used, and the art of optimal use for achieving maximum immunosuppression without increasing toxicity. We will also discuss the practical aspects of various immunosuppression regimens, including drug monitoring, and briefly discuss the concepts of immunosuppression minimization and withdrawal.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.