ReviewFrontiers in oral health2024
New insights into the role of the oral leukoplakia microenvironment in malignant transformation.
Review in Frontiers in oral health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcriptomic landscape of oral potentially malignant disorders: a meta-analysis approach.Human cell · 2026Pooled it
- Immunological Microenvironment Diversity in Homogeneous and Non-Homogeneous Oral Leukoplakia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Comparison of CTLA-4 and PD1 in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical analysis.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Immune suppression, HLA-risk and potential future immune based targets of oral leukoplakia progression.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Review
- Prospective applications of artificial intelligence for the diagnosis of oral leukoplakia: a scoping review.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Review
- Article
- Artificial intelligence-based diagnosis of oral leukoplakia using deep convolutional neural networks Xception and MobileNet-v2.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Article
- Translocator protein (TSPO) analysis in saliva of adults with oral mucosal lesions: A preliminary study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Review
- PRF Lysates Modulate Chemokine Expression in Oral Squamous Carcinoma and Healthy Epithelial Cells.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effect of the gut microbiome and inflammation-related proteins on oral leukoplakia: a Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia is the most frequent and potentially malignant lesion of the oral cavity. Although dysplasia grading remains the main factor for risk assessment, challenges persist in determining the exact risk of transformation, and the literature has focused on studying alternative biomarkers. The interaction between dysplastic epithelial cells and the microenvironment starts early, and the communication is mainly mediated by lymphocytes, inflammatory factors, fibroblasts, and the extracellular matrix, leading to dysplastic progression. Leukoplakia-infiltrating leukocytes (LILs) and leukoplakia-associated fibroblasts (LAFs) play crucial roles in the dysplastic microenvironment. The immune response is related to intraepithelial T lymphocyte infiltration, mechanisms of immunosuppression coordinated by regulatory T cells, M2 macrophage polarization, and increased numbers of Langerhans cells; in contrast, fibroblastic and extracellular matrix factors are associated with increased numbers of pro-tumorigenic myofibroblasts, increased expression of metalloproteinases vs. decreased expression of TIMPs, and increased expression of chemokines and other inflammatory mediators. The microenvironment offers insights into the progression of leukoplakia to carcinoma, and understanding the complexity of the oral microenvironment in potentially malignant diseases aids in determining the risk of malignant transformation and proposing new therapeutic alternatives.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.