ArticlePloS one2024
Determinants of public health expenditure in the EU.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stock neutrality, flow crowding-out, and state dependence: revisiting the debt-health nexus in OECD Europe.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Evolution of community pharmacy services in the European Union and beyond: a cross-country survey of 33 national pharmacy organisations.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Innovating for Health: Measuring the Path of Global Innovation in Healthcare Systems.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Determinants of healthcare expenditures: evidence from Türkiye's healthcare system.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Wearable Sensors for Physiological Condition and Activity Monitoring.Small science · 2024Article
- Analysis of the structure and trend prediction of China's total health expenditure.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPublic health expenditure is one of the fastest-growing spending items in EU member states. As the population ages and wealth increases, governments allocate more resources to their health systems. In view of this, the aim of this study is to identify the key determinants of public health expenditure in the EU member states.
methodsThis study is based on macro-level EU panel data covering the period from 2000 to 2018. The association between explanatory variables and public health expenditure is analyzed by applying both static and dynamic econometric modeling.
resultsAlthough GDP and out-of-pocket health expenditure are identified as the key drivers of public health expenditure, there are other variables, such as health system characteristics, with a statistically significant association with expenditure. Other variables, such as election year and the level of public debt, result to exert only a modest influence on the level of public health expenditure. Results also indicate that the aging of the population, political ideologies of governments and citizens' expectations, appear to be statistically insignificant.
conclusionSince increases in public health expenditure in EU member states are mainly triggered by GDP increases, it is expected that differences in PHE per capita across member states will persist and, consequently, making it more difficult to attain the health equity sustainable development goal. Thus, measures to reduce EU economic inequalities, will ultimately result in reducing disparities in public health expenditures across member states.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.