Observational studyThe New England journal of medicine2024
Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Atheromas and Cardiovascular Events.
5 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract readComparative StudyMulticenter StudyObservational Study
In one paragraph
Observational study in The New England journal of medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 411 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
411citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
116.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Presence of Environmental Pollutants in Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques and Their Relationship With the Plaque Phenotype and Clinical Outcomes
Microplastics and Nanoplastics (MNPs) in Patients With ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndromes
NCT07560579 naactive not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation
Weight Loss and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs): Lifestyle Interventions to Lose Weight and Reduce EDC Exposure in Individuals With Overweight/Obesity
Plastic Accumulation in Residual Brain Tissues From Hemorrhagic Events: Neurological Outcomes and Pathogenetic Evidence (PARTENOPE Study)
Who cites it
411 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 875 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polyethylene Microplastics and Cardiometabolic Mitochondrial-Redox Dysfunction in Preclinical Rodent Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Bioenergetic and Oxidative Stress Outcomes Across Target Organs.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- Micro- and nanoplastics in human biological materials: a systematic review of detection methods and methodological challenges.Archives of toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- Plastamination, Human Health, and Countries' Cultural Orientation: An Exploratory Study on Prevention Strategies and Organizational Policies and Practices.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Full-thickness skin and dermal grafts as abdominal wall augmentation in ventral hernia repairs - a systematic review.Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Health impacts of micro- and nanoplastics in humans: systematic review of in vivo evidence.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Pooled it
- National Heart Center/Saudi Heart Association 2025 Guidelines for Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention and Risk Assessment.Saudi medical journal · 2026Guideline
- From pollution to palpitations: the heart's silent battle with microplastics.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Molecular and Cellular Effects of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular, Nervous, Urinary, Digestive, and Reproductive System Diseases: A Global Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and perspectives.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- The mechanism of vascular injury caused by polystyrene microplastics: Involving ferroptosis and metabolomics.iScience · 2026Article
- Human Exposure to Micro- and Nanoplastics:Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Polystyrene nanoplastics induced toxicity in human endothelial cells via atherogenic and autophagy pathways.Discover nano · 2026Article
- Tackling the global plastic pollution crisis.National science review · 2026Review
- Sustainability indicators for gastrointestinal endoscopy: a framework proposed by the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology and the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Microplastics in human lung tissue from autopsy samples collected in 1991 and 2024: a comparative post-mortem study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Microplastics as Emerging Neurotoxins: Brain Accumulation, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration Risk.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Review
- Article
- Microplastics, nanoplastics, and thrombogenesis.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Review
- Nanoplastics as disruptors of microtubule dynamics and intracellular trafficking: implications for cellular senescence and ageing.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Size-dependent plastic exposure disrupts macrophage function and tissue-specific metabolism.Nature metabolism · 2026Article
351 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
43 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Raffaele MarfellaFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).ORCID 0000-0003-3960-9270
Francesco PrattichizzoFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Celestino SarduFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Gianluca FulgenziFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Laura GraciottiFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Tatiana SpadoniFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Nunzia D'OnofrioFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Lucia ScisciolaFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Rosalba La GrottaFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Chiara FrigéFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Valeria PellegriniFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Maurizio MunicinòFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Mario SiniscalchiFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Fabio SpinettiFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Gennaro VigliottiFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Carmine VecchioneFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Albino CarrizzoFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Giulio AccarinoFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Antonio SquillanteFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Giuseppe SpazianoFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Davida MirraFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Renata EspositoFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Simona AltieriFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Giovanni FalcoFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).ORCID 0009-0006-6683-881X
Angelo FentiFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Simona GaloppoFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Silvana CanzanoFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Ferdinando C SassoFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Giulia MatacchioneFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Fabiola OlivieriFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Franca FerraraccioFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Iacopo PanareseFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Pasquale PaolissoFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Emanuele BarbatoFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Carmine LubrittoFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Maria L BalestrieriFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Ciro MauroFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Augusto E CaballeroFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Sanjay RajagopalanFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Antonio CerielloFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Bruno D'AgostinoFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Pasquale IovinoFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
Giuseppe PaolissoFrom the Departments of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (R.M., C.S., L.S., F.C.S., G.P.), Precision Medicine (N.D., M.L.B.), Engineering (A.F., S.G.), and Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistics (F.F., I.P.), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, the Department of Forensic, Evaluative, and Necroscopic Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 2 Nord (M.M.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli (M.S., C.M.), the Department of Vascular Surgery, Ospedale del Mare Azienda Sanitaria Locale Napoli 1 (F.S., G.V.), Environmental Technologies, spinoff of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (S.C.), and the Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II (P.P.), Naples, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan (F.P., R.L.G., C.F., V.P., A. Ceriello), the Departments of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (G. Fulgenzi, F.O.) and Excellence SBSP-Biomedical Sciences and Public Health (L.G., T.S.), Polytechnic University of Marche, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (G.M., F.O.), Ancona, the Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (C.V.), the Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno (C.V., A. Carrizzo, G.A., A.S.), the Department of Environmental, Biologic, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta (G.S., D.M., R.E., S.A., G. Falco, C.L., B.D., P.I.), and the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome (E.B.), and UniCAMILLUS, International Medical University (G.P.), Rome - all in Italy; Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (P.P.); Harvard Medical School and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (A.E.C.); and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland (S.R.).
University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" · IT
Funding
Diversity Suppplement (CIRCADIAN) Circadian Disruption as Mediator of Cardiometabolic Risk in Air PollutionR35ES031702 · NIEHS · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI Sanjay Rajagopalan · 2021 to 2026
$5.9MDiet-Environment Interactions in InflammationR01ES017290 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI RAJAGOPALAN, SANJAY · 2010 to 2014
$1.8MCLC NIH HHS 1R35ES031702 and R01ES017290 to SRNIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES017290NIEHS NIH HHS R35 ES031702
Abstract
backgroundMicroplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease in preclinical studies. Direct evidence that this risk extends to humans is lacking.
methodsWe conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational study involving patients who were undergoing carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery disease. The excised carotid plaque specimens were analyzed for the presence of MNPs with the use of pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, stable isotope analysis, and electron microscopy. Inflammatory biomarkers were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemical assay. The primary end point was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from any cause among patients who had evidence of MNPs in plaque as compared with patients with plaque that showed no evidence of MNPs.
resultsA total of 304 patients were enrolled in the study, and 257 completed a mean (±SD) follow-up of 33.7±6.9 months. Polyethylene was detected in carotid artery plaque of 150 patients (58.4%), with a mean level of 21.7±24.5 μg per milligram of plaque; 31 patients (12.1%) also had measurable amounts of polyvinyl chloride, with a mean level of 5.2±2.4 μg per milligram of plaque. Electron microscopy revealed visible, jagged-edged foreign particles among plaque macrophages and scattered in the external debris. Radiographic examination showed that some of these particles included chlorine. Patients in whom MNPs were detected within the atheroma were at higher risk for a primary end-point event than those in whom these substances were not detected (hazard ratio, 4.53; 95% confidence interval, 2.00 to 10.27; P<0.001).
conclusionsIn this study, patients with carotid artery plaque in which MNPs were detected had a higher risk of a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from any cause at 34 months of follow-up than those in whom MNPs were not detected. (Funded by Programmi di Ricerca Scientifica di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05900947.).
Indexed as
Carotid Artery DiseasesMicroplasticsPlaque, AtheroscleroticCarotid StenosisEndarterectomy, CarotidFollow-Up StudiesHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansMyocardial InfarctionPlasticsProspective StudiesStrokeMicroplasticsPlastics
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Registered trials
NCT05900947ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06965023ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07291609ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07560579ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07580326ClinicalTrials.gov
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